Special Operations Command (SOCOM)
Special Operations Command (SOCOM)
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The United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) was activated in April 1987 to provide command, control and training for all special operations forces (SOF) in the United States.
SOCOM headquarters is at MacDill Air Force Base, Fla. Its components include the U.S. Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg, N.C.; the Air Force Special Operations Command, Hurlburt Field, Fla; the Naval Special Warfare Command, Coronado, Calif., and the Joint Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg. The John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, the U.S. Air Force Special Operations School, and the Naval Special Warfare Center are also assigned to the command.
Special operations are those conducted against strategic and tactical targets in pursuit of national military, political, economic or psychological objectives, by personnel specially trained, equipped, and organized to do so.
SOCOM’s primary mission is to provide combat-ready forces for rapid reinforcement of the other unified commands worldwide. To carry out this mission, SOCOM:
- Develops doctrine, tactics, techniques and procedures for all special operations;
- Conducts specialized courses of instruction for all SOF;
- Trains assigned forces and ensures interoperability of equipment and forces;
- Monitors the preparedness of its forces assigned to other unified commands; and
- Develops and acquires unique SOF equipment, material, supplies and services.
In short, U.S. Special Operations Command prepares assigned forces to carry out special operations, psychological operations and civil affairs missions as required. Also, the command plans for and conducts special operations if directed by the president or the secretary of Defense. These operations may be conducted in peacetime or during hostilities.
SOF have been employed in more than 95 percent of the military contingencies accomplished since the Vietnam War.
- Comprehensive Review of SOF culture and ethics, US SOCOM, January 23, 2020
- Special Operations Forces: Additional Actions Are Needed to Effectively Expand Management Oversight, Government Accountability Office report GAO-19-386, May 2019
- Review and Assessment of US Special Operations Forces and US Special Operations Command, DoD report to Congress, May 2014
- Special Operations Forces: Opportunities Exist to Improve Transparency of Funding and Assess Potential to Lessen Some Deployments, Government Accountability Office report GAO-15-571, July 2015
- Special Operations Forces Reference Manual, 4th edition, June 2015
- US SOCOM Posture Statement 2012, March 2012
- Presidential Notification of Special Forces Operation, communication to Congress, January 27, 2012. «At my direction, on January 24, 2012, U.
S. Special Operations Forces conducted an operation in Somalia to rescue Ms. Jessica Buchanan, a U.S. citizen. The operation was successfully completed.»
- U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service
- Fact Book 2012: U.S. Special Operations Command, October 2011
- Fact Book: U.S. Special Operations Command, November 2010
- Fact Book: U.S. Special Operations Command, October 2009
- US SOCOM History, 6th edition, March 2008 (20 MB PDF)
- Fact Book: U.S. Special Operations Command, February 2009
- US SOCOM Posture Statement 2008, April 2007
- Defense Acquisitions: An Analysis of the Special Operations Command’s Management of Weapon System Programs, U.S. Government Accountability Office [GAO-07-620], June 2007
- US SOCOM Posture Statement 2007, April 2007
- US SOCOM, 1987-2007, 20th anniversary history (33 MB PDF)
- Capstone Concept for Special Operations 2006
- US SOCOM Posture Statement 2006, February 2006
- Special Operations Forces (SOF) and CIA Paramilitary Operations: Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service
- United States Special Operations Command
- SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES Reference Manual
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Maintained by Steven Aftergood
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As U.S. Special Ops’ Role Has Expanded, So Have Impacts on Servicemembers and Their Families
U.S. Special Ops may bring to mind movies like Zero Dark Thirty and Black Hawk Down, or even popular video games like Call of Duty.
Since its founding, U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) has captured the imagination of American popular culture. And, in real life, SOCOM is playing an increasingly important role in military operations. This expanding role has increased the pressure on servicemembers (such as the Navy Seals and Green Berets), who carry out its missions.
April marks the 35th anniversary of SOCOM founding by Congress. In honor of that anniversary, today’s WatchBlog post looks at our work on how SOCOM’s role has expanded over the years and the impact that has had on servicemembers and their families.
Image
Special Ops role expanded because of the Global War on Terror, straining SOCOM forces
Historically, special ops units have been known to work in small units and carry out elite missions.
They were called in for missions that only servicemembers with specialized training could complete with innovative technology—hostage situations, reconnaissance, surveillance, among others. Over time, SOCOM added to the scope of their mission, including missions aimed at stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and terrorism. After the September 11 attacks, SOCOM took a lead role on the Global War on Terrorism. Special ops forces grew from 38,000 personnel in 2001 to 73,000 by 2020. Its budget also increased from $2.3 billion to $13.7 billion.
The DOD has increasingly relied on special ops forces. But this reliance has meant that these forces are deployed more often, for longer periods of time, and have had little downtime with family in between deployments because of training.
In 2011, SOCOM studied how increased operations affected its forces, and determined that the force was “fatigued, worn, and frayed around the edges.” Servicemembers and their families reported experiencing mental health challenges.
The Preservation of the Force and Family Program supports Special Ops Forces and their families
In 2013, SOCOM began a program called the Preservation of the Force and Family to support special ops forces and their families. It’s a unique military-run program that puts specialized providers like psychologists and physical therapists with special ops units. Units have access to these specialists without having to wait in line. The providers often work alongside servicemembers and understand the special ops culture and mission.
The program budget has more than tripled since fiscal year 2015, reaching about $79.3 million in fiscal year 2021. However, we found that staffing levels are not consistent across the globe. This means that special ops forces’ access to services depends on their location. Because special ops forces inevitably move to different commands and locations throughout their career, they may not always get what they need from the program.
We recommended that DOD develop a strategy and update its model used to decide where to put different types of providers so that special ops forces have access to the services they need.
Check out our December 2021 report to learn more.
- Comments on GAO’s WatchBlog? Contact [email protected]
Topics
National Defense
Department of Defense
U.S. Special Operations Command
Special forces
Special operations
Defense Capabilities and Management
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SWAT PS3 MOVE 3D EUR Ru 3.56 Cobra ODE / E3 ODE PRO ISO (2011) via torrent on rutor
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Release date: April 20, 2011
Release date in Russia: April 20, 2011
Genre: Action/Shooter
Developer: Zipper Interactive
Publisher: Sony Computer Entertainment
Publisher in Russia: Sony Computer Entertainment
Interface language: Russian
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Subtitle language: Russian
Localization: Sony Computer Entertainment
Platform: PS3
Publication type: License
Region: PAL
Disc code: BCES00938
Cobra ODE / E3 ODE PRO (Compiled with IRD)
Multiplayer: Internet (32) — stopped 01/28/2014
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