Rise of Nations (2003) screenshots
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Main Menu.
Pre-game settings.
The tutorial campaigns
The solo game menu
Loading Screen.
Another loading screen.
Starting Time.
Collecting a rare resource: Peacocks.
Egyptians capital at the Medieval Age
Upgrading an army to the Gunpowder Age.
After a successful Capture the World Campaign
Small village
Nice statue
Japanese nation
Like Cortes or Pizarro
Diplomacy screen
Time to nuke!
Nuclear strike
Helicopters against frigates
Army on enemy’s country
Official Screenshots
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
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- Big Huge Games website, 2003
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- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
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- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
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- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
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A mid-game Aztec City Rides out to meet the invader - Microsoft website, 2003
A mid-game Aztec Nation prepares for war - Microsoft website, 2003
Speed kills.The Bantu Barracks units, in pursuit of the British Cavalry.
- Microsoft website, 2003
The British entrench deep in the mountains against a Bantu invasion force - Microsoft website, 2003
Lancaster Bombers ride roughshod over the battlefield - Microsoft website, 2003
The French invade the Chinese, outnumbered as are many foes of the Chinese … - Microsoft website, 2003
The French face a large Chinese raiding party, striking at the heart of the… - Microsoft website, 2003
Don’t let it come to this…the German Heavy Cavalry boom assault - Microsoft website, 2003
No unit line counters Artillery better than Heavy Cavalry. Almost nothing a… - Microsoft website, 2003
Heavily, heavily armored in the mid-game, Greece arrives at the border - Microsoft website, 2003
Extravagantly headdressed Inti Macemen lead the invaders into a beleagured … - Microsoft website, 2003
The Korean coast, warming up for spring and the start of the tourist season - Microsoft website, 2003
The Koreans on the march, ready to renovate Istanbul - Microsoft website, 2003
A Maya counter-attack squad prepares to face the incursion - Microsoft website, 2003
Spectacular Mayan infantry on the march - Microsoft website, 2003
A well-balanced Mongolian mount and foot army prepares for life in Rome - Microsoft website, 2003
Roman invaders wisely send a large column of Heavy Infantry in against the .
.. - Microsoft website, 2003
A placid scene of Nubian daily life on the coast Such halcyon days are best… - Microsoft website, 2003
Nubian archers check the Heavy Infantry at the door of a heavily fortified … - Microsoft website, 2003
Even the mighty Roman Legion is strengthened with the arrival of the Roman … - Microsoft website, 2003
The Roman Heavy Infantry tangles with Mongolian Cavalry, for an appreciati… - Microsoft website, 2003
A well-fortified Spanish City with a large infantry column - Microsoft website, 2003
The Spanish, every bit as fierce in the Himalaya as on the Mediterannean - Microsoft website, 2003
The Turks come in without knocking - Microsoft website, 2003
The Turkish Navy sails out to face the onslaught - Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Big Huge Games website, March 2002
- Big Huge Games website, March 2002
Rise of Nations (2003) screenshots
- Main
- Credits
- Screenshots
- Reviews
- Cover Art
- Promo Art
- Releases
- Trivia
- Hints
- Specs
- Ad Blurb
- Rating Systems
- Buy/Trade
User Screenshots
Windows version
Main Menu.
Pre-game settings.
The tutorial campaigns
The solo game menu
Loading Screen.
Another loading screen.
Starting Time.
Collecting a rare resource: Peacocks.
Egyptians capital at the Medieval Age
Upgrading an army to the Gunpowder Age.
After a successful Capture the World Campaign
Small village
Nice statue
Japanese nation
Like Cortes or Pizarro
Diplomacy screen
Time to nuke!
Nuclear strike
Helicopters against frigates
Army on enemy’s country
Official Screenshots
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Big Huge Games website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
- Microsoft website, 2003
A mid-game Aztec City Rides out to meet the invader - Microsoft website, 2003
A mid-game Aztec Nation prepares for war - Microsoft website, 2003
Speed kills.The Bantu Barracks units, in pursuit of the British Cavalry.
- Microsoft website, 2003
The British entrench deep in the mountains against a Bantu invasion force - Microsoft website, 2003
Lancaster Bombers ride roughshod over the battlefield - Microsoft website, 2003
The French invade the Chinese, outnumbered as are many foes of the Chinese … - Microsoft website, 2003
The French face a large Chinese raiding party, striking at the heart of the… - Microsoft website, 2003
Don’t let it come to this…the German Heavy Cavalry boom assault - Microsoft website, 2003
No unit line counters Artillery better than Heavy Cavalry. Almost nothing a… - Microsoft website, 2003
Heavily, heavily armored in the mid-game, Greece arrives at the border - Microsoft website, 2003
Extravagantly headdressed Inti Macemen lead the invaders into a beleagured … - Microsoft website, 2003
The Korean coast, warming up for spring and the start of the tourist season - Microsoft website, 2003
The Koreans on the march, ready to renovate Istanbul - Microsoft website, 2003
A Maya counter-attack squad prepares to face the incursion - Microsoft website, 2003
Spectacular Mayan infantry on the march - Microsoft website, 2003
A well-balanced Mongolian mount and foot army prepares for life in Rome - Microsoft website, 2003
Roman invaders wisely send a large column of Heavy Infantry in against the ...
- Microsoft website, 2003
A placid scene of Nubian daily life on the coast Such halcyon days are best… - Microsoft website, 2003
Nubian archers check the Heavy Infantry at the door of a heavily fortified … - Microsoft website, 2003
Even the mighty Roman Legion is strengthened with the arrival of the Roman … - Microsoft website, 2003
The Roman Heavy Infantry tangles with Mongolian Cavalry, for an appreciati… - Microsoft website, 2003
A well-fortified Spanish City with a large infantry column - Microsoft website, 2003
The Spanish, every bit as fierce in the Himalaya as on the Mediterannean - Microsoft website, 2003
The Turks come in without knocking - Microsoft website, 2003
The Turkish Navy sails out to face the onslaught - Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Big Huge Games website, December 2002
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Fan site kit, 2002-11-07
- Big Huge Games website, March 2002
- Big Huge Games website, March 2002
Central Asia: Remembering and Analyzing the 1916 Uprising
The materials of InoSMI contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI
battalions sent to the Eastern Front of the First World War. Starting in Khojent and Jizzakh, the unrest quickly spread to other parts of the region, including Semirechye, a fertile region now divided between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. nine0003
“Be sure to try some more of these potatoes,” a scientist sitting next to me at the table told me, offering to add beshbarmak to my plate, a delicious dish of meat, flat noodles and broth, which many consider the national dish of Kazakhstan. “She is from Narynkol, one of the centers of the uprising.”
The conversation took place during a lunch break at a conference at the Alma-Ata Institute of History. Valikhanov, dedicated to the uprising in Central Asia in 1916 or, as indicated in the program of the event, «Kazakh national liberation movement 1916 years old. That morning, I was criticized by Rysbek Sarsenbai, editor of the Kazakh newspaper Zhas Alash, for suggesting that looking through the prism of the national liberation movement might not be the best way to understand the bloody events that took place in Central Asia a century ago.
In the summer of 1916, there was a mass uprising against the Russian colonial regime, caused by a decree on the conscription of men from Central Asia into the army in labor battalions sent to the Eastern Front of the First World War. Starting in Khujand and Jizzakh (in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, respectively), the unrest quickly spread to other parts of the region, including Semirechye, a fertile region now divided between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The rebels mainly attacked Russian settlers. Then the rebellion was brutally suppressed by Russian troops. Everything happened shortly before the fall of the tsarist regime in 1917 year.
Since then, the events of 1916 have been interpreted in accordance with current political priorities. First, in the 1920s, historians of the early Soviet period, in their sharply anti-colonial writings, called the uprising evidence of a revolutionary consciousness among the peoples of Central Asia. In the later Soviet period, these events were already viewed through the prism of the “class struggle”, in which the inhabitants of Central Asia fought against the tsarist regime side by side with Russian settlers. More recently, the uprising has generally been referred to as a series of «national liberation movements.» nine0003
Some local historians and political activists have gone even further. One of the conclusions of the aforementioned conference was that the suppression of the uprising can be called a «genocide» against the Kazakh people, committed by the Russian imperial state. Accusations of genocide were first heard from representatives of the Asaba opposition party in Kyrgyzstan almost 20 years ago, and a similar opinion was then supported by some historians and opposition associations in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. But the accusation of «genocide» was not officially put forward by either the Kyrgyz or Kazakh authorities, and was also categorically denied by Russian historians. The reaction in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan was more muted. nine0003
The debate about the causes and consequences of the 1916 uprising—between Russian historians on the one hand and their Kazakh and Kyrgyz counterparts on the other—has suddenly taken on an extremely heated character. Then these disputes spilled over into the public sphere: videos posted on YouTube by both sides provoke strongly nationalistic comments from both sides. The Kremlin-funded international broadcaster RT produced a documentary about the uprising in Semirechye (including in English). There are also warring Russian and Kyrgyz websites presenting archival documents and claiming to be telling the “true truth” about those events. nine0003
Since 2015, several scientific conferences about the 1916 uprising have been held in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Russia. In Russia, as my acquaintances scientists told me in confidence, the conference was held not because of a sharp increase in interest in the subject, but «to order», i.e. due to the government’s desire to counter something from Central Asian interpretations. Some Russian historians have called the uprising an act of infidelity on the part of the «native population» of Central Asia, who attacked unarmed settlers for no reason. Russian historians also stated that the uprising was provoked by Ottoman and German agents. Such a theory was very popular among the tsarist officials at that time, as it relieved them of responsibility for the outbreak of the uprising. But no one has yet been able to find any concrete evidence confirming the version of the Ottoman or German trace. nine0003
Tatyana Kotyukova of the Russian Academy of Sciences provided a more moderate interpretation, saying that the riot was a «common tragedy» for both Russian settlers and the peoples of Central Asia, caused by a disastrous miscalculation by the tsarist regime, which decided to conduct conscription in a not yet fully integrated to the empire region. This was the conclusion of the conference held at Moscow State University in September 2015. Many Central Asian historians were invited to this event, and very good scientific work was carried out. nine0003
But even such a compromise statement of the question is a refusal to look directly at the realities of Russian colonialism in Central Asia. The immediate motive for starting the uprising was conscription into the army and the hardships of wartime, but the real reasons are connected with the tsarist colonial policy for two decades until 1916. During this period, thousands of hectares of the best lands in Semirechie and the northern steppes were taken from the Kazakhs and Kirghiz, who used them for farming and grazing, and transferred to the Slavic peasant settlers from the European part of Russia. The claim of a «common tragedy» also ignores the vast disparity in terms of casualties on each side. While the initial massacre of 3,500 IDPs in Semirechie was horrendous and should not be underestimated, the fact remains that at least 10 times as many Kazakhs and Kirghiz were killed during the Russian retaliatory operation. In addition, at least 150 thousand people, mostly Kyrgyz, died while trying to escape to China. nine0003
The trauma of Urkun (the Great Exodus) left a deep imprint on Kyrgyz culture that is still felt today. After the uprising, the governor-general of Turkestan, Alexei Kuropatkin, issued the infamous decree on the seizure of land for the construction of Russian settlements «everywhere where Russian blood was shed. » He proposed to create ethnically cleansed zones for Russian settlers on the best lands in the region near Issyk-Kul, and forcibly relocate the Kyrgyz to the mountainous regions near Naryn. Kuropatkin practically wanted to create an apartheid system. nine0003
Thus, the Russian colonial regime undoubtedly carried out collective punishment and ethnic cleansing in the suppression of the 1916 uprising, just as the French did in Algeria and the British in the North-West Frontier Province and in Iraq in the first half of the 20th century.
Russia’s colonial past is no less obscure than that of its Western competitors, but many Russian historians refuse to acknowledge this.
However, were the events of 1916 a genocide, as some Kazakh and Kyrgyz historians and opposition politicians claim? In my opinion, the answer is «no». The term «genocide» evokes strong emotions, but it has a very clear legal definition. There is no clear evidence that the Russian colonial regime had «an intention to destroy, in whole or in part» the Kirghiz and Kazakhs as «a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such». January 19In 1717, Kuropatkin even planned to take measures to settle the returning Kyrgyz and Kazakh refugees, although such actions are more likely explained by the fact that the empire needed these people as a labor force.
Allegations of genocide—although now in the extreme minority—have the potential to be devastating, especially in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where there are still significant Russian populations and where many speak Russian. The bitter consequences of colonialism cannot and should not be ignored or denied, as is often the case in Russia, but the politics of cultural purity is a dead end. In this respect, Central Asia is no different from Western Europe or North America. nine0003
Now back to the potatoes from Narynkol in beshbarmak. She ended up in this dish because Russian settlers brought her here in the 19th century, and now she is an integral part of the Kazakh national dish. There were also Russian and Korean salads on the table, although the conversation was almost exclusively in Kazakh (except for those who were sitting next to me), which is quite unusual in the mostly Russian-speaking city of Alma-Ata.
Most Kazakhs recognize and often welcome this cultural and linguistic mix. The repercussions of an often painful past in Central Asia is a complex issue and cannot be properly analyzed when viewed through the lens of contemporary nationalism. The best way to preserve the legacy and learn from the uprising 1916 years is not to exploit the suffering of his victims for political purposes, but to concentrate on issues of historical responsibility and interaction.
Alexander Morrison is a professor of history at Nazarbayev University in Astana. He is also the author of the work “Russian domination in Samarkand in 1868-1910. Comparison with British India (Oxford, 2008). Now he is working on a historical book about the Russian conquest of Central Asia.
Chapter I. National liberation movement. The beginning and nature of the national liberation movement in Kazakhstan in 1916
National liberation movement of the Kazakh people against colonization
The beginning and nature of the movement of 1916 in Kazakhstan
Causes of the uprising. At the beginning of the 20th century, the colonization of the Asian part of the Russian Empire was proceeding rapidly. In 1907-1912, 2 million 400 thousand people were resettled from the European part of Russia to the eastern regions. At the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, 941 resettlement settlement. By 1917, more than 45 million acres of arable land and pasture land were seized in Kazakhstan. «The very existence of the Kazakh nation has become an acute problem», — wrote in 1913 A. Baitursynov.
Mass seizure of land sharply complicated relations between the nomadic population and Russian and Ukrainian settlers. «After 189For 9 years, ethnic conflicts between Kazakhs and Russians have become a characteristic feature of life in the Steppe” — wrote T. Ryskulov (1894-1943), party and statesman, one of the organizers of Soviet power in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, talented publicist, participant in the 1916 uprising.
The robbery of the Kazakh Steppe during the First World War (1914-1918) became even more intense. The newspaper «Kazakh» published an article by A. Bokeikhanov «Again war», which spoke about the injustice of war, about the policy of violence pursued by strong states. nine0046
Cattle were taken away from Kazakhstan at forced prices, wagons and felt mats were requisitioned for the army. Taxes were raised, government loans were forcibly distributed.
In 1916 it was planned to seize new lands for settlers. Kazakh laborers were recruited «voluntarily» to work in kulak farms and enterprises. National and social oppression became the main cause of the popular uprising.
Reason and beginning of the uprising. Reason for rebellion 19The Decree of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II dated June 25, 1916 on the recruitment of Kazakh jigits for rear work became 16 years old: construction of defensive structures and military communications in the area of the active army. The recruitment was subject to able-bodied nomadic population aged from 19 to 43 years. From Turkestan and the Steppe region it was supposed to call more than 500 thousand horsemen. Mass unrest began in the Steppe.
Secret by order of the Governor-General Kuropatkin dated August 23, 1916, certain groups of the Kazakh population were exempted from recruitment for rear work . This tsarist government succeeded in splitting off from the national movement officials, part of the bayist and the Muslim clergy.
In the course of the growing national liberation movement, the people restored the traditional pre-colonial institutions of government. nine0040 Khans were elected everywhere from representatives of the steppe aristocracy.
In the Irgiz and Turgai districts 9 representatives of the steppe nobility were proclaimed khans. In the Churubay-Nura volost, Nurlan Kiyashev was elected khan, in the Karashag volost — Ospan Shonov.
In the Zhaiylmys volost of the Vernensky uyezd, the volost governor Bekbolat Ashekeyev became a khan. 9 were elected khans in Turgai district0045 Adulgafar Zhanbosynov, grandson of the influential biy of the Middle Zhuz — Niyaz.
During the uprising, the power structure was recreated: «elbegi» — the head of the administration; «zhasakshi» — panel of judges; «treasurers» — the treasury; «sardarbek» — the commander of the rebel army.
The position of the national intelligentsia. In Kazakhstan, in relation to the royal decree, two parties were formed: 1) agreeing to give workers; 2) unwilling to carry out the order. The first batch included bai, the colonial local administration (volost governors, aul foremen). nine0003
The revolutionary-democratic intelligentsia joined the national liberation movement : Turar Ryskulov, Tokash Bokin, Saken Seifullin, Seytkali Mendeshev, Alibi Dzhangildin.
A different position was held by the national democratic intelligentsia, headed by Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov and Mirzhakyp Dulatov. A. Baitursynov believed that «Kazakhs should be at the front, on an equal footing with other nations, to defend the country with weapons in their hands, we consider it humiliating to involve them in «dirty» work.» nine0040
Representatives of the liberal-democratic intelligentsia believed that resistance to the tsar’s decree would entail casualties and bloodshed. They adhered to the tactics of a reasonable compromise with the tsarist government, considering the main thing to be the preservation of the ethnic integrity of the people. Bakhytzhan Karataev even tried to dissuade the tsarist government from mobilization of the indigenous population and recall punitive troops from Kazakhstan.
