Rise of civilization 6: Rise and Fall on Steam

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how to use the Industry Tile Upgrade — Guides and Game Reviews

The Industry Tile upgrade is at the heart of Civilization 6’s Monopolies and Corporations game mode, increasing luxury resources.

Five years have passed since the first release of Civilization 6 , and Firaxis Epic Historical Strategy remains one of the most popular games in the genre. Like many modern grand strategy games, Civilization 6 has been slowly tweaked and modified over the years with DLC expansions. Most recently, the New Frontier Pass brought a whole host of additions to the game, including new leaders, civilizations, and game modes.

One of the most interesting new game modes that was released as part of the New Frontier Pass is the monopolies and corporations that have arrived with the pack of Vietnam and Kublai Khan. Monopolies and Corporations is all about the importance of trade and commerce in the growth of civilization, offering lucrative bonuses for players who can master Tile Industry Upgrade.

Improvement «Industry» is the basis of the game mode «Monopoly and Corporation» in Civilization 6 . It is unlocked with currency technology, which can be researched after players have completed the Scribe. Industry is a unique tile upgrade that can only be built by builders with luxury resources. However, to build Industry. First, players need to have two upgraded copies of the same Resource. Although Industry can replace one of these two upgrades, only one Industry can be built in each city.

After building Industry will produce 2 food, 2 production, 1 gold and 1 great Outpost . More importantly, the industry will provide its host city with a powerful permanent bonus depending on what kind of luxury resource Civilization 6 it occupies:

Sector Strategies in Civilization 6

There are several advanced tactics that players can use to make the most of industries in their game Civilization 6 . The first of these involves using the city-state of Suzerainity to qualify for placement in the industry. While players must have two copies of an improved luxury resource before they can create an industry, improved resources owned by the city-state in which the player is Suzerain also count.

Players also shouldn’t stop trying to find more resources that already have an industry. Once the economy is researched in the Civilization 6 tech tree , the next phase of monopolies and corporations will begin. This allows players with three matching luxuries to upgrade industries to corporations, granting even more bonuses and spreading them out by producing products. Once corporations are up and running, players will eventually be able to establish a monopoly, giving even more gold and tourism bonuses.

Civilization 6 is available for iOS, Linux, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with other guides to popular tattoo-mall. ru games. Let’s talk about the secrets and tricks that you can use in games to your advantage. And also about useful and interesting stories in video games.

The mysterious decline of the Maya civilization: is the monstrous drought to blame?

• Robin Wiley
• BBC Earth

March 22, 2016

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Image copyright Getty

We may soon finally know why the Maya abandoned their amazing white stone cities about a thousand years ago, columnist hopes
BBC Earth .

In 1517, the Spanish conquistadors went to Central America, intending to conquer the local Maya civilization. However, when they got there, the colonialists found that much of this work had already been done for them.

Tall limestone buildings — a classic urban landscape of one of the most highly developed societies of the ancient world — were already losing ground under the onslaught of the jungle.

The question of how the Maya civilization met its end remains one of the most curious mysteries of world history.

The Maya survived and even managed to resist European domination for a long time.

But by the time the Spaniards landed on the coast, the political and economic power of the nation that erected the famous pyramids and numbered at one time two million people had dried up.

At a high stage of development

The first Maya settlements appeared in the first millennium BC, and this civilization reached its peak around 600 AD (in the chronology of development
In Mesoamerica, the Mayan culture occupies an intermediate position between the earlier Olmec and later Aztec civilizations).

Archaeologists have discovered thousands of ancient Mayan cities in the Yucatan Peninsula in southern Mexico, as well as Belize and Guatemala.

Image copyright Thinkstock

Image caption

In less than two hundred years there is no trace of the former glory of the Mayan civilization

It is possible that the ruins of other Mayan cities lurk in the dense thicket of the rainforest.

Thanks to serious archaeological research that has been going on for about two hundred years, we know enough about the Maya to appreciate their impressive achievements.

Their special style in art and architecture testifies to the great skill of this people.

In addition, the Maya were at a fairly high level of intellectual development. They were well versed in mathematics and astronomy and applied this knowledge in the construction of their pyramids and temples, correlating them with the precession of the planets and solar eclipses.

In addition, the Maya used the only written language known in the history of Mesoamerica — a set of strange squiggles called Maya hieroglyphs.

The amazing heritage of the Maya shrouds the history of this nation with a veil of mystery. But the mystery of the collapse of this civilization is no less curious.

Victim of a massive disaster

Let’s start with what we already know. Around 850 AD, after several centuries of prosperity and domination, the Maya began to leave their magnificent cities — one by one.

In less than two hundred years, not a trace of the former glory of this civilization remains. Later, there were separate bursts of revival, but the golden age of the Maya was gone forever.

In addition to the colossal scale of the decline, it is interesting that after several decades of scrupulous research, archaeologists have not come to a consensus about its cause.

Image copyright, Thinkstock

Image caption,

The Maya were well versed in mathematics and astronomy and applied this knowledge to the construction of their pyramids and temples. However, the nature of what happened leads some scientists to the idea that the Mayan civilization was the victim of a large-scale catastrophe that could sweep away city after city in its path.

There are many theories to explain the collapse of the Mayan civilization. Among the most common versions are the invasion, civil war, the destruction of trade routes.

However, ever since the first meteorological studies of ancient Central America were collected in the early 1990s, the theory that the Maya civilization was doomed by significant climate change has gained particular popularity.

During the several centuries immediately preceding the collapse of the Maya — this period from 250 to 800 AD is called the classical period — the ancient civilization flourished.

The cities prospered, the land gave a good harvest. Meteorological data (mainly obtained from the analysis of cave formations) show that at that time relatively abundant rains fell in the areas inhabited by the Maya Indians.

But according to the same data, starting from about 820 AD for 95 years, these areas were periodically affected by severe drought, sometimes lasting up to several decades.

Ever since this long drought became known, scientists have begun to notice a surprisingly clear correlation between the timing of its onset and the decline of civilization: most Classical Mayan cities were deserted between AD 850 and 925, coinciding fairly closely with the dry season. century.

Image copyright, Thinkstock

Image caption,

Archaeologists have not agreed on what caused the decline of the Mayan civilization

Although a simple correlation is not enough to unambiguously confirm this theory, such a coincidence has led many experts to the idea that climate change in the 9th century could somehow provoke the death of an ancient civilization.

However elegant this explanation may be, one fact prevents us from accepting it unconditionally: although most of the Mayan cities were deserted with the onset of the drought, some still managed to survive.

The cities that were deserted in the dry 9th century were located mainly in the south of the territory occupied by the Maya — where Belize and Guatemala are now located.

However, further north, in the Yucatán Peninsula, the Mayan civilization not only survived the drought, but flourished again after it ended.

While Mayan civilization began to fade in the south, relative prosperity was observed in the north, the number of prosperous cities grew, among which was one of the greatest — Chichen Itza (one of the «new wonders of the world»).

This revival of the Mayan culture in the north contradicts the theory of the death of this civilization due to drought: according to opponents of this idea, if climate change forever crippled the power of the south, why did it not affect the north?

Scholars have put forward many explanations for this striking contrast between north and south, but none of the theories has been found to be reliable.

However, a new discovery has recently been made that sheds light on this age-old puzzle.

The north also got

The determination of dates is a serious difficulty for archaeologists studying the Mayan culture.

Almost no written monuments of this civilization, which once numbered in the thousands, have survived to this day — most of them died in the era of colonization, when, by order of the Catholic priests, the Spaniards burned Maya books indiscriminately, and now, as far as we know, there are only a few of them left four.

Image copyright Thinkstock

Image caption,

Chichen Itza was one of the greatest cities of the Maya

Therefore, scientists determine the time of prosperity of the ancient Mayan cities solely by calendar notes on stone monuments, by the style of decorative ceramics and by the results of radiocarbon analysis of organic materials.

The approximate age of the main urban centers in the north of the Mayan area has already been determined by previous surveys; at the same time it was established that the northerners were able to survive the drought that hit these areas in the 9th century.

However, until recently, all these data have never been summarized in one study.

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This generalization is important in that it allows the northern Mayan regions to be viewed as a whole and helps scholars to identify common trends in their rise and fall.

In a study published in December, US and British archaeologists have for the first time compared all estimates of the age of urban centers in the northern Mayan lands: about two hundred dates for settlements located throughout the Yucatán Peninsula, half of which were derived from study of calendar marks carved in stone, and half by radiocarbon analysis.

The researchers then deduced general information about the times when Mayan cities were actively developing and when each of them fell into decay.

The results of this analysis significantly change our understanding of when and perhaps even how the Mayan civilization met its end.

Contrary to popular belief, the north also experienced a decline during the drought — in fact, this happened twice.

Photo copyright, Getty

Photo caption,

The Mayan city of Chichen Itza is called one of the wonders of the world

In the second half of the 9th century, the number of calendar records carved in stone decreased by 70%.

Similar evidence of decline is found in radiocarbon dating of materials collected from the northern Maya areas, indicating that the construction of wooden structures also declined during this period.

It is important to note that it was during this period that the lack of rain is believed to have destroyed the Maya civilization in the south — apparently, the northerners also had a hard time surviving the drought.

According to scientists, this decline in creative activity indicates that political and social collapse was brewing in the north.

Of course, the north in the 9th century was not as hard as the south, but, judging by this new information, it suffered great damage.

This period of decline in the north has previously gone unnoticed, largely due to the lack of a clear evidence base: a decline in construction activity, however large, is not easily detected without such a comprehensive study throughout the region.

Drought, severe drought, and megadrought

The ninth-century decline of the north marks an intriguing new twist in Maya history that, however, does not change its essence: after all, we already knew that the northern the regions managed to survive the dry 9th century — Chichen Itza and other centers successfully developed in the 10th century.

But the information about the second period of decline, identified by a group of scientists, is already changing our understanding of the history of the Maya.

After a brief resurgence of civilization in the 10th century (which, interestingly, coincided with an increase in precipitation), scientists note another decline in construction in a number of areas of the northern Maya territory: between 1000 and 1075 AD, construction from stone and other materials declined almost half.

Image copyright Thinkstock

Image caption,

Archaeological findings show that the decline of the Maya in the 11th century occurred against the background of a severe drought.

Moreover, scientists have found that, as in the previous crisis two hundred years earlier, the decline of the Maya in the 11th century occurred against the backdrop of a severe drought.

And not just strong. In the ninth century, the drought was undoubtedly severe. But the 11th century brought the worst drought in two thousand years — the «mega-drought».

After a brief revival in the north, there was a new decline in construction — again against the backdrop of a severe drought.

Meteorological data show that during most of the century, between 1020 and 1100, precipitation decreased dramatically.

This period coincides surprisingly well with the dates of the decline of the northern Maya settlements, established by archaeologists.

One coincidence by itself means little. But when the second coincidence occurs, even skeptics begin to wonder about causation.

«Megazasukha» of the 11th century and earlier was blamed for the death of the northern Maya culture, but the dating methods used at that time gave ambiguous results and did not allow us to accurately determine whether these events really occurred simultaneously.

A comprehensive analysis released in December gives us much greater confidence that climate change has coincided with not just one, but two dramatic declines in the Mayan civilization.

If the first wave of droughts destroyed the Mayan settlements in the south, the second, apparently, brought death to their northern territories.

After this second wave of droughts, the Maya civilization was not destined to recover.

Image copyright Thinkstock

Image caption

Mayan cities are still astounding in scale

Chichen Itza and other major urban centers in the north never regained their former strength.

There are several small but noteworthy settlements that escaped this fate — such as the northern city of Mayapan, which flourished in the 13th-15th centuries — but neither in scope nor in pretentiousness could they compare with the classical Mayan cities.

It can be said that in the 11th century this ancient civilization breathed its last.

Given these results, it seems even more likely that climate change played an important role in the death of the Mayan civilization. But how?

Crop failures and political instability

Most of the archaeological evidence for decline is related to agriculture.

As in all major civilizations, the economic potential of the Maya was highly dependent on the crop — besides, the labor force needed food.

The simplest explanation for the decline of the Maya is that, under the influence of drought, the harvest decreased every year, and this may have led to a gradual decrease in Maya political influence and complete social disintegration.

But even the supporters of this hypothesis admit that not everything was so unambiguous.

«We know that even before the 9th-century drought, war and social and political instability in the Maya occupied territory increased,» says Julie Hoggart, an associate at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and co-leader of climate research. , the results of which were published in December.

Conflict between cities is also a good way to destroy civilization; it is quite possible that the Maya simply killed each other in civil strife.

But in this case, the question of drought and coincident dates still remains open. So perhaps we are simply dealing with the simultaneous influence of two factors.

During the dry decades, food supplies declined, which probably led to an intensification of the struggle for resources, which could eventually reach its climax and lead to the irreversible split of the ancient Maya civilization.

However, there is at least one other explanation that has nothing to do with wars.

A victim of their own talents

Perhaps it was not strife that doomed the Maya, but their own talents, because the Maya were not only great artisans, but also true sculptors of nature.

To feed their millions of people, the Maya constructed gigantic canal systems hundreds of kilometers long to drain and uplift barren marshy soils and turn them into new arable land (some archaeologists call them «floating gardens»).

In addition, the Maya cleared vast areas of forest to make way for farmland and the construction of new cities.

Some scientists believe that such an active influence on the nature of the Maya themselves could have a hand in their death, somehow exacerbating the effects of natural climate change.

The author of the photo, Thinkstock

Image caption,

Or perhaps the Maya simply destroyed each other in civil strife

production during the drought turned out to be even greater.

Another indirect consequence of Maya agricultural advances may have been simply an overgrowth of population, which made the people more susceptible to prolonged periods of food shortages and lessened their survivability in drought conditions.

Gone to the water

Whatever the reason — or reasons — for the decline of the Maya, we still know something about the fate of people who survived the collapse of civilization and saw its consequences.

Beginning around 1050 AD, the Maya began to travel. They left the hinterland where their ancestors had flourished and flocked to the Caribbean coast or other sources of water, such as rare lakes and sinkholes that gleamed in the dense green of former Mayan territory.

Perhaps the exodus of the Maya Indians was caused by famine.

Image copyright, Thinkstock

Image caption,

Droughts forced the Maya to move towards the ocean

If crops really declined after the 9th and 11th century drought, perhaps it really made more sense to move closer to the water in order to be able to use the seafood or cultivate the less arid coastal lands.