Rats | Counter Strike Online Wiki
| “ | You are SHRUNK! | ” |
|
— SG/MY description |
||
de_rats
Compatible Mode(s)
Author
Difficulty
Max Player
32
Map Size
Medium
Release Date
Singapore/Malaysia
22 February 2012
Indonesia
29 February 2012
Turkey
10 July 2013
CSN:Z
23 September 2014
Vietnam
26 March 2015
Location
Kitchen
Structure
Simple
Time
Midnight
Map Textures
Rex
Union
Hong Kong
Lost City
Trap
Abyss2
Rats
Rats (de_rats) (also known as Mouse Hole in Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies) is a fictional annihilation map in Counter-Strike Online.
Contents
- 1 Overview
- 2 Official description
- 3 Events
- 4 Tips
- 5 Gallery
- 5.1 Screenshots
- 6 Trivia
Overview
This map is based on a custom map with the same name in Counter-Strike. Located in a house, this fictional map turns the players into rat-sized.
This map has lots of environmental hazards that players need to be aware of. Due to the size of the players versus the map, fall damage are common. Should players survive a fall there are at least seven first-aid items that can be picked up for healing. The kits heal 25 HP to players. While the kits are inviting, care should be take when attempting to pick them up.
The rat trap outside of the CT Spawn can kill the player when attempting to take the three medkits there. There are four medkits in the kitchen sink. The kitchen sink grinder can be activated with the red switch at the side, which will suck anyone in the water into the grinder and kill them.
Official description
The Rex Virus is known to have lots of side effects to humans who have come in contact with it.
It is well-known that body shrinking is one of the side effect that can occur and it is very difficult to detect. Many people have lived for years without noticing that their body has been shrunk due to the virus infection.
A battle was initially started out around the residential area by a group of infected people who are changing their battle ground due to their body size. By hiding in the house, it provides more cover for the troops in battle.
Events
- Singapore/Malaysia
This map was released alongside XM2010 on 22 February 2012.
- Indonesia
This map was released alongside HK SL8 and SL8 Upgrade Event on 29 February 2012.
- Turkey
This map was released alongside Dual Infinity on 10 July 2013.
- Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies
This map was released alongside Open Beta Test on 23 September 2014.
- Vietnam
This map was released alongside Open Beta Test on 26 March 2015.
Tips
- If you are badly damaged, use first aids to heal. Each first aid kit heals 25 HP.
- If you are at the hot cooking stove, walk along the sides. Walking unto the stoves will deplete your health from environmental heat.
- If you are going to the sink, wait for a few seconds before getting into, as the grinder will still suck you in even though it’s off.
Gallery
Loading background
Map overview
Singapore/Malaysia poster
Thailand poster
Official screenshot
In-game screenshot
Screenshots
Trivia
- This map, while maintaining the overall design from the original custom Rats! map, suffered some changes such as:
- The elevator in the fridge was replaced by a ladder.
- This map was originally a bomb defuse map but, in Counter-Strike Online, the spawn zone for Terrorists and Counter-Terrorist are switched and bomb sites are removed.
- A closet above the cooker was added (it seems to be inspired from de_rats_1337, created by [SKR8]Gunslinger, although it is not accessible).
- Out of the house, the player can see a MOTEL logo which can be seen too in Trap. Below the logo, the following real-life companies are mentioned: HBO, MTV, ESPN and CNN.
- There are 4 first-aids in the sink and 3 more hidden inside the rat trap.
- Players are not actually shrunk, the size of the textures and props were actually highly increased.
- The system name de_rats is a misnomer, it should be dm_rats. This might be due to the fact that this map is based on the one from Counter-Strike.
- Supply Boxes can spawn inside of the sink grinder, rendering it unobtainable.
- The insecticide inside CT spawn zone can be activated by jumping on top of it, it will decrease the nearby player’s health by 1 at a time, but if the player wears Kevlar at that time, it will damage the Kevlar instead.
Rats | Counter Strike Online Wiki
| “ | You are SHRUNK! | ” |
|
— SG/MY description |
||
de_rats
Compatible Mode(s)
Author
Difficulty
Max Player
32
Map Size
Medium
Release Date
Singapore/Malaysia
22 February 2012
Indonesia
29 February 2012
Turkey
10 July 2013
CSN:Z
23 September 2014
Vietnam
26 March 2015
Location
Kitchen
Structure
Simple
Time
Midnight
Map Textures
Rex
Union
Hong Kong
Lost City
Trap
Abyss2
Rats
Rats (de_rats) (also known as Mouse Hole in Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies) is a fictional annihilation map in Counter-Strike Online.
Contents
- 1 Overview
- 2 Official description
- 3 Events
- 4 Tips
- 5 Gallery
- 5.1 Screenshots
- 6 Trivia
Overview
This map is based on a custom map with the same name in Counter-Strike. Located in a house, this fictional map turns the players into rat-sized.
This map has lots of environmental hazards that players need to be aware of. Due to the size of the players versus the map, fall damage are common. Should players survive a fall there are at least seven first-aid items that can be picked up for healing. The kits heal 25 HP to players. While the kits are inviting, care should be take when attempting to pick them up.
The rat trap outside of the CT Spawn can kill the player when attempting to take the three medkits there. There are four medkits in the kitchen sink. The kitchen sink grinder can be activated with the red switch at the side, which will suck anyone in the water into the grinder and kill them.
Official description
The Rex Virus is known to have lots of side effects to humans who have come in contact with it.
It is well-known that body shrinking is one of the side effect that can occur and it is very difficult to detect. Many people have lived for years without noticing that their body has been shrunk due to the virus infection.
A battle was initially started out around the residential area by a group of infected people who are changing their battle ground due to their body size. By hiding in the house, it provides more cover for the troops in battle.
Events
- Singapore/Malaysia
This map was released alongside XM2010 on 22 February 2012.
- Indonesia
This map was released alongside HK SL8 and SL8 Upgrade Event on 29 February 2012.
- Turkey
This map was released alongside Dual Infinity on 10 July 2013.
- Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies
This map was released alongside Open Beta Test on 23 September 2014.
- Vietnam
This map was released alongside Open Beta Test on 26 March 2015.
Tips
- If you are badly damaged, use first aids to heal. Each first aid kit heals 25 HP.
- If you are at the hot cooking stove, walk along the sides. Walking unto the stoves will deplete your health from environmental heat.
- If you are going to the sink, wait for a few seconds before getting into, as the grinder will still suck you in even though it’s off.
Gallery
Loading background
Map overview
Singapore/Malaysia poster
Thailand poster
Official screenshot
In-game screenshot
Screenshots
Trivia
- This map, while maintaining the overall design from the original custom Rats! map, suffered some changes such as:
- The elevator in the fridge was replaced by a ladder.
- This map was originally a bomb defuse map but, in Counter-Strike Online, the spawn zone for Terrorists and Counter-Terrorist are switched and bomb sites are removed.
- A closet above the cooker was added (it seems to be inspired from de_rats_1337, created by [SKR8]Gunslinger, although it is not accessible).
- Out of the house, the player can see a MOTEL logo which can be seen too in Trap. Below the logo, the following real-life companies are mentioned: HBO, MTV, ESPN and CNN.
- There are 4 first-aids in the sink and 3 more hidden inside the rat trap.
- Players are not actually shrunk, the size of the textures and props were actually highly increased.
- The system name de_rats is a misnomer, it should be dm_rats. This might be due to the fact that this map is based on the one from Counter-Strike.
- Supply Boxes can spawn inside of the sink grinder, rendering it unobtainable.
- The insecticide inside CT spawn zone can be activated by jumping on top of it, it will decrease the nearby player’s health by 1 at a time, but if the player wears Kevlar at that time, it will damage the Kevlar instead.
Rats take the hit
April 4, 2018, 04:00
Science
NPO Pharmacy House is the place where you will be best told about the merits of rats to humanity. Here in the vivarium, the name given to the place where experimental animals are kept, new drugs are tested every day. For this, about 3.5 thousand laboratory rats are kept here.
Path of the molecule
«Before a drug reaches the pharmacy, it must pass a series of tests. Once an innovative molecule has been developed, we pharmacologists step in. We cannot do without animals here, because we must check two things: that a drug claimed to treat, for example, diabetes mellitus, will really treat diabetes mellitus, and the second point that we must definitely find out is that this molecule is safe for humans,» said Marina Makarova, director of the NPO House of Pharmacy .
© Pyotr Kovalev/TASS
And not only for the person himself, but also for his future children. In the past, there were no such studies, so there were tragedies: for example, the «thalidomide disaster», when doctors began to prescribe a new sedative to pregnant women, not knowing about its side effects.
As a result, thousands of children were born with disabilities.
Today, tests of any drug on animals are carried out from several months to several years, so that this does not happen again. Only after that, the new drug is tested on people who have expressed voluntary consent.
Ideal Animal
The rat is one of the most common animals in laboratories around the world. Only a mouse can compete with her. The point is not only the ease of breeding, the cheapness of maintenance, but also the fact that the rat, unlike many other animals, is suitable for testing almost all drugs.
But not only this makes the rat an ideal laboratory animal.
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
«The rat’s intellect helps, the rat is the most grateful object for studying behavior and the effect of drugs on behavior. No other animal reflects such a rich picture of manifestations of anxiety, discomfort — the rat is the richest object in this regard «, Makarova explains.
And yet, some drugs cannot be tested on rats — for example, drugs for atherosclerosis.
Rats produce bile acid, which dissolves cholesterol in blood vessels. “This does not happen in humans, all cholesterol is retained in him, but in a rat it is excreted and cannot be deposited in the form of plaques,” says Makarova.
If for some reason rats are not suitable for drug research, other animals are used, sometimes several species in succession. So, in addition to rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, degus, rabbits, ferrets and minipigs (pygmy pigs) live in the vivarium.
Rat in the experiment
For testing, rats are raised directly on the territory of the association, in a special nursery. During the experiment, they live in special transparent boxes — males and females separately. Entrance to rooms with boxes only in special gowns, masks and boot covers, as in an operating room, so as not to infect animals with the brought virus or bacteria and not interfere with the experiment. There is even a piece of sticky film on the floor in front of each room to remove dust that could be on shoe covers.
Requirements for the care and handling of laboratory animals are constantly being improved
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
Three times a day, the veterinarian walks around the boxes, checks the health of the animals, and provides assistance if necessary. Laboratory assistants also work in the premises. Each box has a tag where the experiment code is written. If the rat is lethargic, constantly lying down or, on the contrary, throws itself at the neighbors in the box, it immediately becomes clear that it needs an examination.
New molecules
When a completely new, previously unknown molecule comes to researchers, it is first tested on only one animal. Even if the molecule did not cause visible damage, the animal has to be euthanized in order to perform an autopsy and check the condition of the internal organs. «We will definitely dissect the rat, because we should see the damage. We may not notice any changes in the blood test, nothing happened to the urine, but there are negative consequences,» Makarova explained, adding that she usually lives about 5–7% of experimental rats.
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
The ethical side of the issue is an important part of working with employees, notes Makarova. «Of course, you become rough with your soul to a certain extent when you constantly have to euthanize animals, but in general, we as colleagues try to maintain the feeling that animals depend on us and we must create maximum well-being for them while they are alive. We periodically refresh this with them in memory, we are holding lectures on this matter,» Makarova added.
When a molecule is tested on one animal, the next tests begin, already on groups of animals. Different tests require a different number of animals: for analogues of already known drugs, sometimes only three animals are taken, for complex tests of innovative drugs that last up to two years (which is close to the average life span of a rat), up to one and a half hundred animals are taken.
Research results
At the beginning of the work, the result is impossible to predict: it is sometimes completely unexpected. Moreover, even if trials in rats are successful, sometimes a drug can produce unexpected side effects in other animals.
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
«We had a study — a drug that affects the central nervous system. Most of these studies were performed on rats, everything went as we expected. Before testing on human volunteers, we had the opportunity to conduct the latest research on minipigs, and after the first dose was administered, we saw a terrible neurological picture — the animal was paralyzed in the legs. The research was immediately stopped, the animal was treated, it recovered, «said Makarova.
Sometimes studies show a harmless or even beneficial side effect that the drug developers did not expect. “There was a drug that we thought would work like Viagra, but in fact it didn’t work that way, but at the same time sperm motility increased and the number of pregnancies from males who took the drug increased significantly — instead of 10-12 cubs, a rat was born up to 20 cubs.
But this is raw data, it needs to be repeated,» she explained.
Caring for the rat
In the time that people have been doing research on animals, the attitude towards four-legged test subjects has changed a lot. If earlier animals were dissected without anesthesia, kept in unequipped cages, then since the middle of the 20th century, laboratory rats and other animals have been fed with balanced feed, they are taken care of by veterinarians.
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
Special cages are equipped for each animal, depending on what exactly this or that animal needs for the most comfortable existence. «Rats in the experiment can experience stress, pain, and the main task of the veterinarian is to prevent these effects on animals. Rats have tunnel toys, they can eat, sleep, jump, jump in them. If the animal is in pain, we use analgesics .If the animal is cold during the experiment, special heating mats are used,» says veterinarian Alexandra Amosova.
«Before we open the cage and perform some manipulations, we put our hands into the cage so that they come to us, and we get used to them.
Before we do anything, we first play with them so that they get used to it, and no manipulations are not carried out by force,» said laboratory assistant Elena Voronko.
In general, three most important rules apply to all laboratory animals today: to improve the quality and accuracy of experiments, to create the most comfortable conditions for the life of animals, and to reduce the number of animals in the experiment, thereby saving rat and mouse lives.
Honorary pension
There are studies after which laboratory animals are not euthanized. However, after passing through them, the laboratory animal can no longer participate in other tests — each time only those animals that have not been exposed to other experimental drugs are used to test drugs.
Such animals remain to live in the nursery on an «honorary pension»: the rat begins a free life, it can be treated not with the prescribed standard food, but with an apple or a carrot. Or even come up with a nickname.
After all, while the study is underway, the rats do not have names, they are distinguished by the colored stripes applied to the tails.
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
The retired rats live in almost the same conditions as during the experiment — this is done on purpose so as not to cause them stress due to the restructuring of their life. At the same time, they receive special food and care due to their age. “They live in the same conditions as when they were young, but there are some peculiarities: for example, you can choose a different diet that will be more appropriate for this animal,” says Amosova.
Some animals live out their lives at scientists’ homes as pets.
The future
Research technologies are constantly improving: the effect of new drugs is being tested more fully, as well as their safety. Research technologies do not stand still. For example, methods have appeared that allow testing new drug molecules not on animals, but on individual cells.
However, it is still not possible to completely replace laboratory animals.
«Our institute has a laboratory of cell lines (cells of the lungs, bronchi, liver)», says Makarova, but makes a reservation: these studies can only answer the question of the mechanism of action on the cell. «These studies do not give us an answer to the question of how this substance will work in a living organism. Suppose, in this study, the drug has an amazing effect on inflammation, but it was introduced into the animal — and nothing or quite sadly — the animal died,» continues Makarova.
During the experiment, rats live in special transparent boxes — males separately, females separately
© Petr Kovalev/TASS
Over the coming decades, researchers expect a wide introduction of special MRI machines for rats and mice, which will allow animals not to be euthanized at intermediate stages research.
Then, according to the vivarium, the percentage of laboratory animals that will survive can increase several times, without compromising the accuracy of research.
It is believed that prosocial behavior with regard to the actions and feelings of other individuals is possible due to empathy: normally, we do not like to hurt others, since we ourselves partially feel it. There are a number of disorders in which a person does not feel compassion, and it is important to understand what disorders of the nervous system lead to this — such disorders are often reproduced for study in model organisms.
Researchers at the Netherlands Institute of Neurosciences, led by Christian Keysers, decided to develop an animal model that can be used to study the neurobiological basis of empathy. To do this, they chose gray rats — one of the most popular laboratory animals. Rats are intelligent enough to be able to feel compassion. In addition, it is known which area of the rat brain contains mirror neurons that are activated both when the animal itself is in pain and when it sees how it hurts others — this is the anterior cingulate cortex.
The authors used 314 adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes.
For the duration of the experiment, the animal was placed in an installation of two compartments: one had two levers, pressing which led to the appearance of food (one or three balls of sucrose), and the other had a grate on the floor that could be energized.
First, the researchers determined for each animal which lever it prefers to press. Then, in the next series of experiments, another rodent was placed in the second compartment, not necessarily familiar to the first rat. Now, when the first rat pressed the familiar lever, the second rat received an electric shock.
After a few repetitions, the frequency of pressing the preferred lever in the active animal decreased, and now it increasingly selects the lever that it rarely used before. This effect was more pronounced if it had once experienced discomfort from an electric shock. It turns out that the rats, as it were, avoided hurting their relatives. At the same time, the results did not depend on the sex of the animals and the degree of their acquaintance.
In a separate series of experiments, the work of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of active rats was blocked with muscimol, a GABA-A receptor agonist. In this case, the rats continued to press the lever, the activation of which caused pain to their experimental partners. This, the researchers say, strengthens the notion that the anterior cingulate cortex in rats mediates empathy.
Neuroscientists also changed the amount of remuneration. In several series of experiments, active rats received not one, but two or even three balls if they pressed an electric shock lever. Pressing the second lever still gave only one ball of sucrose. Doubling the reward was not enough for the rodents to choose it and thereby make the “victims” uncomfortable. But if the reward was three times the usual one, the animals still chose it, regardless of the fact that their companion would be electrocuted.
From the editor
Of course, it is possible that in fact the rats do not feel sorry for their relatives, but simply do not want to hear the unpleasant squeak that they emit during electric shocks.
