Unsere Top 10 mit neuer Nummer 1
Die Rennspiel Tops im Januar 2022
Dimitry Halley
@dimi_halley
Die Rennspiel-Charts haben zum Jahreswechsel 2022 eine neue Spitze! Wobei … es sich natürlich irgendwie auch um die alte Spitze handelt, denn Forza Horizon 4 gibt die Krone an den eigenen Nachfolger ab: Forza Horizon 5. Und dieser Sieg ist verdient, denn es gibt für mich seit Wochen keine spaßigere Feierabendbeschäftigung, als mit meinem Co-Piloten Johannes Rohe (langjährige GameStar-Fans kennen ihn) über die Pisten Mexikos zu brettern. Die Seasons versorgen Forza Horizon 5 jede Woche mit neuen Herausforderungen — und sind mehr als bloß Beschäftigungstherapie. Das Spiel begeistert sogar Leute, die eigentlich mit Rennspielen überhaupt nichts am Hut haben. Einen größeren Ritterschlag kann es kaum geben.
Aber natürlich hat nicht jeder Bock auf Casual-Flitzerei, hier gibt’s schließlich viele Racing-Sim-Fans. Und zumindest ein Anti-Forza
haben wir Ende 2021 noch getestet, weil unsere Plus-Community es sich gewünscht hat: Unser Test zu WRC 10 verrät euch, wieso das Spiel gut genug ist, um Need for Speed Heat in unserem Ranking den Rang abzufahren.
Tja, und was gibt es sonst noch so an Neuigkeiten? Ende Oktober 2021 ging mit Nascar 21: Ignition ein Neuanfang für die langjährige Nascar-Heat-Serie an den Start — und landete kolossaler im Graben als Super Mario, wenn er von zwei roten Panzern gleichzeitig getroffen wird. Bloß 27 Prozent der Steam-Reviews sind positiv, also fast Battlefield-2042-Verhältnisse. 2021 war leider wirklich ein grottiges Jahr für das Sportgenre. Ein Glück, dass unsere Top 10 euch auch 2022 Spielspaß liefern, falls die neuen Releases ausbleiben.
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Das sind unsere Rennspiel Charts auf einen Blick
- Forza Horizon 5 — Wertung: 90
- DiRT Rally 2.0 — Wertung: 90
- F1 2021 — Wertung: 90
- Wreckfest — Wertung: 80
- Dirt 5 — Wertung: 80
- Lonely Mountains: Downhill — Wertung: 80
- Riders Republic — Wertung: 79
- WRTC 10 — Wertung: 79
- Need for Speed Heat — Wertung: 75
Weitere Rennspiele auf Seite 2
- MotoGP 21
- Automobilista 2
- TT: Isle of Man 2
- Assetto Corsa Competizione
- iRacing
- NASCAR Heat 5
9.
Need for Speed Heat — Wertung: 75
10:17
Need for Speed Heat — Testvideo zum besten NfS seit langem
Entwickler: Ghost Games | Release: 8. November 2019 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, Xbox One
Need for Speed Heat bringt die Serie zurück zu alter Form. Klar, die Kampagne ist immer noch zum Fremdschämen, das »Unbekannter edgy Racer wird zum Star«-Thema abgedroschen ohne Ende — aber Need for Speed spielt ihr schließlich nicht wegen dramatischer Wendepunkte, sondern um durch eine sonnige Open World zu brettern, Rivalen zu überholen und die Cops zu ärgern. All das steht im Fokus von Heat.
Tagsüber arbeitet ihr an eurer Rennkarriere, nachts liefert ihr euch dramatische Verfolgungsjagden — und durch beides schaltet ihr neue Autos, Herausforderungen und Outfits frei. Need for Speed Heat ist alles andere als perfekt, die KI bleibt ein Problem, die Cop-Balance schwankt stark. Aber falls ihr Heat im Sale seht und euch fragt, ob Need for Speed noch immer so ein geplagtes Lootbox-Debakel wie zu Payback-Zeiten ist: Nein, mittlerweile kann man mit weit weniger Bedenken zugreifen.
Wie gut ist das Spiel? Unser GameStar-Test zu Need for Speed Heat
8. WRC 10 — Wertung: 79
1:10
WRC 10 — Trailer zeigt neue Rallye in Kroatien
Entwickler: KT Racing | Release: 2. September 2021 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S, Switch
Die World Rally Championship feiert ihr 50-jähriges Bestehen — und WRC 10 will diese lange Racing-Historie in ein Spiel verwandeln, das euch idealerweise Dutzende Stunden Rallye-Spaß beschert. Klar, wie bei allen jährlichen Franchises ist WRC 10 eher ein inkrementelles Upgrade zu WRC 9 und kein 400-Meter-Pistensprung. Aber in puncto Kurs- und Fahrzeugvielfalt bekommt ihr hier ein sehr, sehr pralles Angebot.
Singleplayer-Fans springen in den Karriere-Modus, arbeiten sich vom Junior bis zum eigenen Racing-Team hoch, schlittern über zahlreiche gefährliche Kurse und planen idealerweise im Vorfeld die richtige Ausstattung. WRC 10 richtet sich dabei klar an Fans, die Ecken und Kanten verzeihen.
Das Spiel verlangt euch sehr viel ab, eine Rückspulfunktion wie in Forza sucht ihr natürlich vergeblich, außerdem ist der Weg zum eigenen Team lang und bisweilen beschwerlich. Aber trotzdem: Wer matschige oder verschneite Rallye-Kurse mag, könnte WRC 10 lieben lernen.
7. Riders Republic — Wertung: 79
2:01
Riders Republic — Präsentiert im Trailer die Open World, durch die ihr brettert und fliegt
Entwickler: Ubisoft | Release: 27. Oktober 2021 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Stadia
Am Anfang haben wir Riders Republic bloß für albernen Klamauk gehalten: Ein wilder Mix aus Mountainbike-, Snowboard- und Wingsuit-Rennen mit Dutzenden Leuten, die allesamt aussehen wie ein Fortnite-Kleiderkreisel? Naja und Riders Republic … ist auch alberner Klamauk, der aber verblüffend viel Spaß macht. Ubisoft setzt hier wirklich auf Kreativität und gibt euch ein ziemlich einzigartiges Renngefühl an die Hand: völliges Chaos!
Ihr tut euch einen Gefallen, Riders Republic nicht zu ernst zu nehmen.
Der Humor ist selbst für Kinder zu kindisch und Kollisionsabfrage, Balancing und KI-Verhalten bestehen definitiv keine Führerscheinprüfung. Aber manchmal ist das Ganze größer als die Summe seiner Teile: Mit Riders Republic könnt ihr gerade im Multiplayer herrlich viel Spaß haben. Kauft es euch aber idealerweise im Sale.
6. Lonely Mountains: Downhill — Wertung: 80
1:00
Lonely Mountains: Downhill — Reveal-Trailer zeigt die coole Grafik des Arcade-Mountainbike-Spiels
Entwickler: Megagon Industries | Release: 23. Oktober 2019 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, Xbox One
Fahrrad fahren ist freilich auch ein Rennsport, selbst wenn man nur virtuell und in Pixelgrafik auf dem Drahtesel sitzt. Und deshalb gehört auch Lonely Mountains: Downhill in diese Liste. Die Rennen darin spielen sich extrem schnell, dank erstaunlich hohem Realismusgrad muss man aber ständig aufpassen, nicht aus den Pedalen zu rutschen.
Damit erinnert Lonely Mountains: Downhill ein wenig an Trials, nur eben mit 3D-Levels und mehr Freiheiten in der Wahl der besten Route zum Ziel. In kurzweiligen Herausforderungen und Wettrennen geht es immer bergab und manchmal auf die Schnauze. Einziger Kritikpunkt des Spiels: Der Umfang ist nicht besonders groß, nach ein paar Stunden hat man alle Strecken freigeschaltet und alles einmal gesehen. Irre viel Spaß macht es trotzdem!
Wie gut ist das Spiel? Hier geht’s zum Test von Lonely Mountains: Downhill
5. Dirt 5 — Wertung: 80
10:59
Dirt 5 — Testvideo zum Off-Road-Rennspiel
Entwickler: Codemasters | Release: 6. November 2020 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S
Dirt 5 vermeidet den Fehler eines Project Cars 3: Es tut gar nicht erst so, als sei es eine ernstzunehmende Rennsimulation. Stattdessen bekommt ihr flotte Arcade-Rennen der alten Schule. Und das gilt übrigens im Guten wie im Schlechten.
Einen ausgearbeiteten Story-Modus müsst ihr hier nicht erwarten. Stattdessen richtet sich Dirt 5 an Puristen: Herausforderung für Herausforderung flitzt ihr euch durch die Kampagne.
Für wen geeignet? Dirt 5 hat seine Ecken und Kanten. Es fährt technisch definitiv nicht in der A-Klasse, das ganze Drumherum wirkt recht grob und reduziert. Aber in seinen besten Momenten macht Dirt 5 trotzdem immens viel Spaß, geht locker von der Hand und fährt sich (zumindest mit dem Gamepad) wirklich gut. Dirt 5 ist nackter, ehrlicher Fahrspaß. Codemasters will das Spiel auch nach Release weiter ausbauen — falls ihr noch zweifelt (und das ist nachvollziehbar), dann behaltet die weiteren Entwicklungen dennoch auf dem Schirm.
Wie gut ist das Spiel? Dirt 5 im Härtetest auf GameStar.de
4. Wreckfest -Wertung: 80
6:27
Wreckfest — Testvideo zum besten Zerstörungs-Rennspiel seit FlatOut 2
Entwickler: Bugbear Entertainment | Release: 14.
Juni 2018 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, Xbox One
Wer Flatout mochte, der wird Wreckfest lieben. Mit diesem Fazit endet unser Test zu Wreckfest und besser kann man es kaum zusammenfassen. Das Vollkontakt-Rennspiel stammt von den Entwicklern von Bugbear Entertainment, die im Jahr 2004 die Flatout-Reihe ins Leben gerufen haben. Nachdem es mit der Serie allerdings qualitativ immer weiter bergab ging (ohne das Mitwirken von Bugbear) haben sich die Erfinder ein Herz gefasst und einen Nachfolger im Geiste entwickelt.
Und so rammen, rasen und rollen wir mit unseren verbeulten Karossen in Destruction-Rennen und Deathmatches durch Wreckfest. Ganz ohne Schwächen kommt der Rennspaß zwar nicht aus, aber wer gerne mit einem Auto volle Pulle in ein anderes brettert, der kann vermutlich über eine langweilige Kampagne oder optische Eintönigkeit hinwegsehen. Hauptsache es rummst! Und das tut es in Wreckfest am Laufenden Band.
Wie gut ist das Spiel? Hier geht’s zum Test von Wreckfest
3.
F1 2021 — Wertung: 90
9:58
F1 2021 im Testvideo — Viel Drama auf und neben der Piste
Entwickler: Codemasters | Release: 15. Juli 2021 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, Xbox One
Dass F1 2021 als erster Serienteil unter der Ägide von EA entsteht, sorgte bei vielen Fans im Vorfeld für sorgenvolles Stirnrunzeln, doch Vertrauen zahlt sich (zumindest hier) aus: F1 2021 ist wie schon das Vorjahresmodell ein Brett von einer Formel-1-Simulation. Klar, nicht alle Änderungen wollen so richtig durchstarten. Der neue und groß angepriesene Storymodus ist eher meh, doch dafür gibt’s jetzt eine launige Koop-Erfahrung, eine verbesserte KI, ein glaubhafteres Schadensmodell und viele andere Detail-Verbesserungen, die die ohnehin schon meisterhafte F1-Erfahrung in die allerhöchsten Wertungsregionen schiebt.
Wer die Formel 1 liebt, kommt an diesem Spiel nicht vorbei, und wird damit viele, viele unvergessliche Stunden erleben. Mehr dazu in unserem großen GameStar-Test zu F1 2021.
7:13
40 Jahre F1-Games: Racing im Wandel der Zeit
2. DiRT Rally 2.0 — Wertung: 90
PLUS
13:14
Plus-User bekommen Profi-Tipps vom Rally-Champion — Video vom exklusiven Event zu Dirt Rally 2.0
Entwickler: Codemasters | Release: 26. Februar 2019 | Plattformen: PC, PS4, Xbox One
Die beste Rallye-Simulation dieser Liste heißt DiRT Rally 2.0. Nachdem das überragende erste DiRT Rally aus dem Jahr 2015 lange Zeit unsere Sport-Charts angeführt hat, schafft der Nachfolger es nun gleich mal auf Anhieb auf den zweiten Platz. Sowohl im freien Spiel als auch im Karrieremodus »Mein Team« heizen wir im zweiten Teil über 72 wunderschöne Pisten in sechs Ländern von Spanien bis Argentinien.
Insgesamt fällt der Spielumfang etwas geringer aus als beim Vorgänger, dafür liefert DiRT Rally 2.0 mehr Qualität statt Quantität. Wenn wir in Events später starten, bieten die Rennstrecken zum Beispiel bereits schlechtere Bodenhaftung.
Außerdem ist das Force Feedback beim Fahren nochmal besser geworden und die Tuning-Optionen erlauben uns, unseren fahrbaren Untersatz ganz nach unseren Wünschen einzustellen.
Wie gut ist das Spiel? Hier geht’s zum Test von DiRT Rally 2.0
1. Forza Horizon 5 — Wertung: 90
9:50
Forza Horizon 4 im Testvideo — Auch in Großbritannien ein Rennspieltraum
Entwickler: Playground | Release: 9. November 2021 | Plattformen: PC, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S
Eigentlich müssten wir Forza Horizon 4 und 5 hier direkt hintereinander aufs Siegertreppchen stellen, denn Horizon 4 ist natürlich auch 2022 eines der besten Rennspiele, die man aktuell zocken kann — aber das wäre ein bisschen einfarbig, also fokussieren wir uns stellvertretend voll und ganz auf den neuesten Serienteil: Forza Horizon 5. Ab geht’s nach Mexiko, ab geht’s in eine neue, gigantische Open World mit hunderten Aktivitäten, Koop, Story-Events, PvP-Rennen, Battle Royale, Foto-Challenges und, und, und.
Kein anderes Rennspiel ist quantitativ wie qualitativ so vollgepackt mit starken Inhalten. Wer sich auf alle Aspekte des Spiels einlässt, ist locker 80 Stunden beschäftigt. Ja, das Progressionssystem ist deutlich schwächer als im Vorgänger, außerdem kränkeln KI und Balancing nach wie vor. Aber Stolpersteinchen verkratzen Forza Horizon 5 an keiner Stelle den Lack: Dieses Spiel ist ein Meisterwerk, das jeder Racing-Fan mit Herz für Casual-Spektakel gespielt haben sollte.
Ein diskutables Meisterwerk? Unser GameStar-Test zu Forza Horizon 5
Rennspiele: 40 kostenlose Download-Games — jetzt laden!
Rasen auf dem PC – ohne Kostenbremse: Mit diesen 40 Gratis-Rennspielen fahren Sie garantiert immer auf der Überholspur. Jetzt herunterladen!
Rennspiele haben seit den Anfängen der Videospielgeschichte einen festen Platz in den Herzen der Fans – und bieten genug Abwechslung, dass so schnell keine Langeweile aufkommt. Funracer wie «Mario Kart», Klassiker wie «Need for Speed» und Open-World-Games wie «Forza Horizon» erfreuen sich großer Beliebtheit.
Dabei finden sich im Netz jede Menge Gratis-Renntitel. COMPUTER BILD hat für Sie die 40 besten kostenlosen Rennspiele in einer Fotostrecke zusammengestellt. Schauen Sie rein und laden Ihre Favoriten herunter.
ennspiele setzen nicht immer einen Motor voraus – das beweist unter anderem die «Ski Challenge»: Hier geht es um die schnellste Zeit auf der Piste. Mitunter steht auch nicht nur die beste Rundenzeit im Vordergrund: Manche Fahrer gestalten sich ihre Rennstrecke gerne selbst. Da bietet der Dauer(b)renner «TrackMania Nations Forever» den richtigen Werkzeugkoffer.
TrackMania Nations Forever gratis herunterladen
Lassen Sie in «Trackmania Nations Forever» dem Spaß bei atemberaubenden Geschwindigkeiten und spektakulären Strecken freien Lauf.
«TrackMania Nations Forever» lässt Sie mit halsbrecherischer Geschwindigkeit durch verrückte Rennkurse sausen. Im Einzelspielermodus versuchen Sie, die Bestzeiten der Entwickler zu knacken. so schalten Sie schrittweise über 65 Strecken frei, die mit steigendem Schwierigkeitsgrad immer komplexere Sprünge und Loopings bieten.
Haben Sie genug trainiert? Dann zeigen Sie Ihr Können im Online-Multiplayer!
Das Besondere an «TrackMania Nations Forever»: Gegnerische Spieler sehen Sie auf der Strecke als sogenannte Ghosts, mit ihnen kollidieren können Sie aber nicht. So bleibt auch bei bis zu 200 Mitspielern genug Platz auf der Rennstrecke. Die sehr direkte und reaktionsfreudige Steuerung sorgt für ungebremsten Rennspaß. Jeder abgeschlossene Wettkampf beeinflusst Ihre Platzierung in den geografisch unterteilten Bestenlisten. Während Sie innerhalb Ihres Bundeslandes recht schnell aufsteigen, stellt die Weltrangliste eine große Herausforderung dar. Mit dem Streckeneditor erstellen Sie eigene Rennkurse und veröffentlichen die im Internet. Dank der aktiven Community steht eine schier unerschöpfliche Auswahl an Parcours zur Verfügung.
Download: TrackMania Nations Forever herunterladen
Gratis-Spiel: Forza Street
Mischen Sie die Straßenrennszene auf, um eine Traumhafte Autosammlung zu gewinnen.
Im Free-to-play-Racer «Forza Street» fahren Sie spannende Straßenrennen und machen sich in der Szene einen Namen. Das Spiel konzentriert sich auf Gas geben, bremsen und boosten – verlangt allerdings gutes Timing, wenn Sie einen perfekten Start hinlegen und elegant durch die Kurven driften wollen. Mit Ihrem Rennwagen bestreiten Sie zahlreiche Events und fordern immer stärkere Gegner heraus. Bei Wettbewerben sind unterschiedliche Wege wählbar, die teils anspruchsvoller sind, aber ein höheres Preisgeld versprechen. Der «Forza Street»-Fuhrpark umfasst viele Fahrzeuge, die in verschiedene Klassen wie Sportwagen, Supersportwagen und Muscle-Cars eingeteilt sind. Behalten Sie Ihre Flotte stets im Auge und lassen Sie sie rechtzeitig reparieren. Nach jedem Rennen, das Sie gewinnen, erhalten Sie Creditpoints, Gold oder Tuningteile, um Ihr Auto zu verbessern – und verdienen Chips, mit denen Sie neue Autos freischalten.
Download: Forza Street jetzt kostenlos herunterladen
Asphalt 9: Legends
Tritt in «Asphalt 9: Legends» gegen furchtlose Rennfahrer an, um zur nächsten Asphalt-Motorrennen-Legende zu werden.
In «Asphalt 9: Legends» sitzen Sie am Steuer eines Supersportwagens und behaupten sich gegen andere Fahrer auf herausfordernden Strecken. Dabei stehen Ihnen über 50 Fahrzeuge namhafter Marken wie Lamborghini, Porsche und Ferrari zur Verfügung. Mit Rempeleien, Geschwindigkeits-Boosts und Stuntrampen versuchen Sie, sich bei jedem der über 800 Rennen an die Spitze zu setzen. Nach jeder gewonnenen Etappe haben Sie die Möglichkeit, Ihren Wagen aufzurüsten oder zu tauschen. Die über 70 Kurse in «Asphalt 9: Legends» führen Sie unter anderem durch das sommerliche San Francisco, die Straßenschluchten von Shanghai, die schneebedeckten Berge des Himalaya-Gebirges und die grünbedeckten Küstenklippen von Schottland.
Download: Asphalt 9 kostenlos herunterladen
Download: Asphalt 9 (Android-App) kostenlos herunterladen
Download: Asphalt 9 (App für iPhone & iPad) kostenlos herunterladen
Weitere Download-Games
Sie haben Lust auf noch mehr kostenlose Download-Games? Kein Problem! Unsere immer aktuellen neuen Download-Spiele bieten für jeden etwas, Microsoft-Jünger werden bei den kostenlosen Windows-10-Spielen fündig.
Ansonsten ist Steam weiterhin vorne mit dabei, weshalb die COMPUTER BILD-Redaktion für Sie die besten Gratis-Spiele auf Steam zusammengesucht hat. Übrigens: Die Dauerbrenner der COMPUTER BILD-Leser finden Sie bei unseren Download-Spielen des Monats. Viel Spaß beim Stöbern!
Copyright protection for computer games
The gaming industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the global entertainment sector and at the same time in the economy. Combines the ideas of modern creativity and innovation.
The first computer game was created in 1952 by programmers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They developed Spacewar, a video game for the computer in which two rockets fired at each other against the backdrop of outer space. The first board game appeared in ancient Egypt: according to the rules and appearance, senet resembled checkers.
Today, according to the Computer Games Industry 2020 study, conducted by the Development Center Institute of the Higher School of Economics, 2.
5 billion people in the world are fond of computer games, and more than 65 million in Russia. And the research agency NPD Group found that the demand for board games has also increased. In 2020, 83% of Russians under 55 became interested in them.
The popularity of this type of entertainment, on the one hand, increases the income of copyright holders, but, on the other hand, provokes some users to look for opportunities to use games without rights. Therefore, the issue of their protection is so relevant.
The game as an object of copyright
A feature of copyright for a game is that the legislation of the Russian Federation does not list it as one object of intellectual property rights. Video games and board games are classified as complex objects, as they include several protected results of intellectual activity.
So a game for a computer is not only a computer program. It is considered as a multimedia product that consists of a program code and has characters, musical compositions.
Each of these objects is protected by copyright — it is forbidden to use them without the permission of the copyright holder.
A board game, like a computer game, is a complex product. With the difference that it does not have a program code and instead of an interface — a playing field with a special game mechanism. Copyright protects the design of her box, game board, and cards and chips. This right to the rules of the game does not apply.
Exclusive right to the game
With regard to a computer game, a set of rights arises immediately after its creation in its final form or in the form of program code fragments. For a board game — as soon as the idea was embodied in the final product.
Personal non-property rights — the right of authorship, the right to a name, to publish and the inviolability of a work, always belong to the original copyright holder — the author. They cannot be transferred to others.
An exclusive right provides the ability to use the rights to the game in any legal way at the discretion of the copyright holder: transfer in full or in part to another person, allow or prohibit the use of the game.
The author or development team uses this intellectual property at their own discretion. They have the right to provide access to it in a free or paid format, distribute its copies on tangible or digital media.
Protection of the game as a complex object
One person or several can participate in the creation of the game. Article 1240 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation singles them out as a special subject — a person who organized the creation of a complex object. In the gaming market, he is called a developer. It receives all exclusive rights to the result of intellectual activity that are part of a complex object on the basis of agreements on the alienation of the exclusive right or license agreements. In this case, the authors retain personal non-property rights.
If there is only one developer, then all intellectual rights (exclusive and non-exclusive) for the game belong to him. He becomes the owner of the game as a complex object. The finished results of intellectual activity are acquired under an alienation or licensing agreement or on the basis of an author’s order agreement.
If there is more than one developer, they may by agreement assign ownership to one of them. Or create a legal entity that will become the owner of all the results of intellectual activity and the game as a composite work.
Other persons may use the game only with the consent or permission of the copyright holder. If they copy, distribute or otherwise use it in an unauthorized way, then legal measures are applied to violators. They are required to stop using the game without rights, prohibit the release of counterfeit products, demand compensation for losses. In addition, they bring a lawsuit to recover damages or compensation, block the offending site. And also submit an application to law enforcement agencies for bringing to administrative or criminal liability.
Rights of programmers, designers, copywriters
Creation of a game is the combination of several results of intellectual activity into one object of copyright. The developer manages this process.
He is also the copyright holder of the game. It is the only person or company specializing in the creation of computer or board games.
In order to use all the elements included in the game, the developer must obtain the appropriate permission from the programmers, designers and copywriters — the original authors. He concludes contracts with them, acquires the exclusive right or the right to use the objects. Typically, it uses one of four kinds of conventions, depending on whether the object is created or not.
Thus, under a license agreement, the author transfers the exclusive right to an already existing element of the game to another person. For example, to cover new areas of the market, copyright holders provide the rights to the characters for use. To produce T-shirts, bracelets, cups and other products with the symbols of the game.
Under an exclusive rights agreement, developers buy the rights to the necessary intellectual property (for example, the design of the playing field or interface) in order to legally use them as part of games.
The exclusive right to the game is transferred in full and for the entire period of its validity.
If the creation of an element for the game is yet to be, in order to obtain copyright for the game, future copyright holders use an author’s order agreement. According to its terms, the author creates a work on the instructions of the customer within the specified time. This agreement is subject to the rules on licensing or alienation of the exclusive right, depending on whether the right is transferred in part or in full.
The development of a product is also formalized by an employment contract as the creation of a service work. It contains the obligation of the employee to create the results of intellectual activity, as well as the rules that define the work as official. The exclusive right in this case belongs to the developer (employer). But it can be returned to the author in cases specified by law.
Trademark or patent protection
Since the game is a composite work, and consists of many elements, it is impossible to protect it as a whole object.
To prevent the use of the game without rights, various tools are used.
As a trademark in a computer game, its name, the names of the characters and their images, the name of the company can be registered. In a board game, the logo and packaging. The right to a trademark prohibits its use without the permission of the copyright holder and makes it easier to prove illegal use. And also allows you to earn on the attributes of the game (figital). It is registered with Rospatent for a period of 10 years, which can be renewed an unlimited number of times.
The patent is used for new technical solutions during the game and for innovative elements of its design. The interface of the game or part of it, the design of the packaging or the playing field can be patented as industrial designs. They are registered with Rospatent for a period of 5 years, the patent is renewed several times, but not more than for 25 years.
The unique attributes of the game that regulate the process of the players’ moves act as a useful model.
Provided that they provide its distinctive feature in the market and influence its commercial success. For example, instead of a die, a previously unknown device is used to determine the turn order.
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not single out the plot, methods and methods of the game as objects of copyright or patent law, therefore the rights to the rules of the game, its mechanisms and ideas are not subject to protection. A trade secret regime will help protect concepts and ideas from illegal use. It will prevent illegal transfer of data by contractors and employees of companies about developers, terms of transactions for the transfer of copyrights and their own development tools.
Deposit
The law does not require registration of rights to the game. But the actual possession of such rights does not prevent them from being violated. So, for example, without the permission of the copyright holder, the infringer can change the source code of a computer game, and thereby create a new copyright object, which is a copy of the original game.
However, the one who first wrote the source code of the program, came up with the design of the game is recognized by its copyright holder, and can protect their intellectual property from unauthorized use. Therefore, to protect the copyright of the game, the owner of the source code will need to prove his authorship. It can be confirmed by depositing in the COPYTRUST system. To do this, the developer or author submits a copy of the materials that make up the game (program code, package design, description of the rules) for placement in the registry, and also provides a description of the technical and functional characteristics of the program. And get a certificate. It proves the existence of an element of the game on a specific date and time.
Everything that developers, programmers, game designers own is intellectual property, and therefore requires protection. Transfer of exclusive rights should be handled with great care, as copyright holders may be faced with the use of their games without rights, the inability to sell them and not receive income.
Essay on the topic: Cinema
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the youngest and at the same time one of the most popular arts. His story
short compared to the thousand-year history of music, painting or theater. At that
At the same time, millions of spectators fill cinemas every day, and even more people
watching movies on TV. Cinema has a strong influence on hearts and minds
young people.
Of course, she attracted the attention of sociologists, aesthetics,
art historians, cultural theorists — all those who are interested in the problems
artistic creation and perception, media, dynamics
public sentiment and so on.
The art of cinema was born on 28
December 1885, when the French brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere first showed
«moving pictures» — a filmed sequence depicting workers,
leaving the factory gates, and a series of other short sketches. It left
lasting impression on the audience.
Huge success
«The cinema of the Lumiere brothers» led to an unusually fast
distribution throughout the world. Five and a half months after the first
commercial film screenings in Paris cinema entered the Russian market. May 4th
1896 years at the opening of the summer season in the entertainment center
«Aquarium» in St. Petersburg, in the same room where in 1918 were
the first Soviet feature films were shot, tours of foreign
attraction «Cinema of the Lumiere brothers». A few days later Muscovites
saw a cinema in the summer garden of the Hermitage, rented by a famous
businessman Lentovsky.
Then, about a month later, the cinema became one
of the main attractions in the cafeteria of Carl Aumont, who left from
Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod for the All-Russian Exhibition. Here I saw him for the first time.
young Maxim Gorky. And not only seen, but also described in correspondence,
published in the newspaper «Odessa Vesti» dated July 6, 1896 years old
They started filming
feature films with a simple plot. American D.W. Griffith took them to
1914 for more than 450. During the First World War, the center of the world
The film industry has moved to American Hollywood in sunny California.
Screens around the world filled the production halls of Hollywood studios. it
there were films of different genres, styles and qualities. They were different in their
direction: music and entertainment, family and household, acutely social. Among
recent films by E. Stroheim «Greed» — an anti-war film
Vice President K.U. «Big Parade»
The favorite actor of millions of people was Charles Spencer Chaplin, who emphasized the tragedy of the life of the «little man» with a comedic grotesque.
He grew up in London in hopeless poverty. He began appearing on stage in 1897. During the American tour of his variety group in 1912, he was offered a film career. Already in the second film «Autorennen in Venedig» (1914), he created a picture of a tramp, which he followed in many of his films. Soon Chaplin began acting in films in which he himself played the main roles: «The Kid», «Gold Rush», «City Lights», «New Time». Movie stars of the time are mostly Americans: Deanna Durbin, Douglas Fairbanks, Clark Gable, Herold Lloyd.
The cinema quickly became the fashion of the world. Undoubtedly, it was the most popular type of mass art for 20-30 years. In those years, he began to make feature films with a simple plot. In the same years, the cinema underwent qualitative changes: in 1927 the first sound film was shot, in the second half of the 1930s the film acquired color. This, in particular, increased the importance of a visual image capable of conveying an idea.
And here modernism had a decisive influence on the development of cinema and made it an influential art form. We can say that modern cinema is the brainchild of modernism.
Gradually to the fore
the psychological depth of the character comes out, the poetic image of life,
an attempt to solve the problems of the «middle class» and democratic tendencies
in Western cinema. Among the best films of the 1930s: Under the Roofs
Paris» (director: Claire, France), «Our Life» (J. Renoir,
France).
In England art
documentary film was born in the 1930s. At that time Alfred Hitchcock was
number one director. He achieved great popularity by the first English
sound film «Blackmail» at 1929 year. And after the film «Die Dame
verschwindet» (1938), in which the expressionist style combined
gruesome, comical and romantic, he was considered a master of intrigue.
In Germany, where the post-war
the crisis of society was the most acute, the films were expressionistic
focused on and dedicated to the psychopathological experience of people who have lost contact
with the surrounding reality (directors: R.
Vine and P. Leni).
In such countries as Germany, Japan and Italy, the cinema was subject to fascist-chauvinist propaganda until their military defeat. In Germany and Italy, «historical» films were shown on a large scale, distorting reality and history to please fascist ideologists. After the appearance of the first living images on a white screen, a person had every reason to believe that from now on a moving image of living beings and objects could be preserved for centuries, and he had the right to exclaim: “The past belongs to me!
But the past does not belong to anyone, judging by these paintings, because they do not bear the imprint of our memory, which is hardly superimposed on what is caused by them, and they seem even more outdated, because the passage of time has not changed their appearance. Old poems come alive in the mouth of the young. The future has the right to determine the cost of certain works. Games, seemingly timeless, can sometimes outlive the actors who first breathed life into them.
But the cinematic work associated with his era, like a shell clinging to a stone, does not obey the law of time, which defies the law: unchanged in a changing world, it only moves away from us with time.
Let’s remember again as a sign
thanks to scientists and inventors: Plato, Reynaud, Edison, Mare, Newbridge,
Demeny, the Lumiere brothers — all those who, out of love, helped discover
an invention that they considered only a «science toy» and which
turned out to be a new means of expression for the machine from which dreams were born,
poetry arsenal.
The emergence and formation of genres
The concept of the film genre of the beginning
take shape with the advent of the Hollywood studio system. That helped
systematize the production of films and facilitate their promotion on the market.
Even in the «golden age» of Hollywood, when hundreds of films were released by the studios,
the classification provided screenwriters with some templates for their work. Each
the studio specialized in the production of films of a certain genre:
Paramount Pictures — comedies, Universal Studios — horror films,
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer — musicals.
Learn more about each of them.
Warner Bros.
Mainly on film portals, and
only in newspapers you can see how the name Warner Bros. appears, but the correct
the writing of this studio is Warner Bros. The studio was founded by four brothers,
who had to emigrate from Poland to the United States. Their names were brothers Jack, Albert, Harry
and Sam Warner are all Jewish by nationality. How easy it is to guess what the name was
created from a mixture of given names and surnames. As regards the date of origin of modern
logo, the exact date is unknown, as the logo has been changed several times.
FOX 20th century.
A rare person has not yet seen
on his 20th Century FOX TV, which, by the way, was created by United
Artists, or rather, a small 20th Century Fanfare tune was invented
music director of this company. The appearance of the film studio logo
Twentieth Century-Fox Film was associated with the merger in 1935 of the two
film studios Fox Film and Twentieth Century Pictures.
The very first logo 20
century was designed by Emil Kos, a successful landscape designer. All of it
merits were reduced to shortening the inscription «Pictures, Inc.», and then
full replacement with «Fox» at the third stage of logo creation.
DreamWorks SKG.
As for the third
giant, then we cannot ignore the fact that the film studio is very young.
Not so long ago, in 1994, the successful DreamWorks studio was founded by three
famous personalities Steven Spielberg, David Geff and Jeffrey
Katzenberg. The initiator of the creation of the logo was the director of the film «Back to
future”, of course the famous Spielberg. Stephen wanted the logo to be
drawn on a computer and served as a symbol of the golden age of Hollywood. However, his
friend Denis Muren, the world’s leading visual effects specialist, wanted,
that the logo be drawn on paper with a pencil. Spielberg did not argue with
specialist, so a boy sat on the moon and fished. The boy with the moon
drawn by Robert Hunt.
Final name based on the DreamWorks SKG logo with
the initials of the first letters of the names.
MGM.
Many of the famous logos
MGM has undergone many improvements since its founding in 1924
year. In those distant years, Howard Dietz drew the Lion Lion logo, the rights to
which were acquired by Samuel Goldwyn’s image of Goldwyn. When you
look at the image of the logo, you can see the resemblance to the logo of a sports
Columbia University Lions team, but for this you need
know Howard’s own athletic history. In addition, the portrait of a lion is strongly
has changed. At 1924 he sat on the throne of the lion logo named Slats, in 1928
he was replaced by Leo Jackie, who, by the way, first gave out his growl (sounding rumble,
behind the screen). Leo Tanner held the throne in 1932, and in the 1940s
— Unknown Leo. However, to this day, since 1957, the logo is worn by a lion.
named Leo.
The first name of the studio was
Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales, whose foundation dates back to 1919.
The studio was
founded by Joe Brandt and brothers Jackie and Harry Cohn. original products
the companies were cheap designs that quickly became popular. Already at 1924
year, the Connet brothers bought out their share in Brandt’s success, which was subsequently
renamed Columbia Pictures Corporation.
Paramount
Magic Mountain Corporation
Paramount Pictures was founded in 1912 by film director Adolf
Zukor under the title «Famous Film Company of Players».
First film company logo
was drawn by V.V. The artist Chodkinsky, who met Tsukoru on one of
exhibitions. The logo was painted on the famous Ben Lomond mountain in Utah, where
Hodkinson spent his early childhood.
Logo decorated with 24 stars,
a symbol of 24 famous movie stars with whom the company had long-term
contracts.
But above all, the audience
associated certain genres with actors: John Wayne, Clint Eastwood and Randolph
Scott with westerns, James Cagney and Edward G. Robinson with gangster films,
Joan Crawford and Barbara Stanwyck with melodramas, Boris Karloff and Bela Lugoza with
horror films.
Over time, the actors have become so closely associated with
certain genres that their appearance in films of another new genre has become
sensation.
At the heart of all the numerous
genres that exist today, lie three genres of genre origin
cinematography: melodrama, comedy, adventure film, occasional
extravagance. It is noted that melodrama was the main genre of silent films.
Later genres and acting roles
have become much more flexible, although in the minds of the audience, actors such as Bruce Willis,
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sylvester Stallone are associated with action movies, Jim Carrey
and Leslie Nielsen with comedies. There are also directors specializing in
films of a particular genre. Some directors are associated with certain
types of films: Alfred Hitchcock with thrillers, John Ford with westerns, Douglas
Sirk with melodramas. Later, Wes Craven and Lamberto Bava specialized in
horror films, John Hughes on family and teen films, David Zucker on
on parody comedies, John Woo on action films, Roland Emerich on films about
disasters.
Popular motifs over the years
have become clichés, and traditional film genres have undergone new and different interpretations,
the cliché divergence has been questioned, ridiculed and parodied.
Tragedy — dramatic
a genre based on artistic reflection on acute essential problems
human existence. There is an irreconcilable clash of the hero with
circumstances, accompanied by suffering and death important for life
values. Unlike comedy (Hamlet, Ivan the Terrible).
Comedy film is a genre of cinema,
the main theme of which are phenomena related to the aesthetic category
comedy. A distinctive feature is the image of the contradictions of life, which
makes the audience laugh. (To the left of the elevator, American Cake).
Tragicomedy is a variety of dramatic works that combine the features of comedy and high drama, tragedy. The tragicomic effect is based on the disproportion between the hero and the situation ( a tragic situation is a comic hero, less often vice versa), on an internal unresolved conflict.
Empathy for one character
often goes against empathy for the other. (father of a soldier, fires of the big
cities).
Drama is one of the main
genres of drama, along with tragedy and comedy. Like comedy, it is first
the queue reflects the privacy of people. But the main goal is not to ridicule
human characters and morals, but to show the personality in its dramatic
relations with society. Like a tragedy, it depicts the heroes in the process of their
spiritual development or moral change. But the characters are deprived
exclusivity, and conflicts are not so intense and, in principle, do not exclude
solutions.
Melodrama Traditional
dramatic genre with characteristic features: sharp intrigue, contrast between
virtue and villainy, the ideal heroine, the suffering heroine, the insidious
villain, a significant role of accidental or fatal circumstances that determine
development of the plot, appealing to the emotions of the viewer. (Winter cherry, man and woman)
Cinema Epic — The genre combines
imagine a fictional and documentary technique: Broad artistic generalizations,
romantic exaggeration and high pathos are based on special accuracy and
reliability in the reconstruction of historical facts, circumstances and places of action
historical setting.
(war and peace, liberation) and others.
A dozen facts about movie thefts
10th place: Subject
The costumes in which the actors are filmed have become of increased attention. Usually,
these suits are supplied to the studio by design companies for promotional purposes.
After filming, they usually go to specialized stores or are exhibited on
auction, but exhibition and just disappear. For example, with the studio «Raleigh»
$63,000 worth of designer clothes went missing.
9th place: within two years
police searched for stolen items from the filming of the TV series «Star
way” and was able to return only a third of the stolen items. batman suit,
previously stolen from Warner Bros. was found on the way there.
8th place: stolen
laser swords and «secondary» robots, especially the android from the trash
tanks were stolen from the Star Wars set. it
especially irritated Lucas, who is in love with trash cans of this design.
7th place: On the set
The set of the film «The Cat in the Hat» props were stolen for about 55,000
dollars.
Among the stolen items were two-meter dark blue glasses, yellow
a key over one meter long, a golf flag over one meter long and a ball
for golf with a diameter of two meters and weighing more than 60 kilograms.
6th place: «Paragraph
78» has lost a huge billboard, beautiful in the Gartenring area. The size
stolen — 60×20 meters.
5th place: made a lot of noise
the story of the 1962 kidnapping of England’s Ford by Harry and Ron during filming
movie Harry Potter. It’s funny that Ford wasn’t in
movement, did not even start! Kidnappers and missing persons still try her
find.
4th place: During filming
the first part of «Spider-Man» were stolen four costumes of the main
hero worth $50,000 each. While the police searched the world
the creators of the picture urgently needed to make simplified copies and complete
shooting so that the costumes are not visible close-up.
3rd place: «Let’s dance» shooting is not only theft, but also murder! It was a stolen $4,000 necklace worn in the film by Susan Sarandon’s character.
The necklace was found in Canada in a Royal Albert Arms hotel room. The body of the deceased was found next to the necklace. Who he is is still unknown.
2nd place: Thieves stole a saber and
Comrade Sukhov’s collectible watch from the set of «White Sun»
desert.» By this time, two-thirds of the film had already been shot, and to do without
them was impossible. We had to tie a certain Ali, the most important
authority in the local criminal world. The next day the props were
returned. And Ali was filmed as a bandit in the scene of Sukhov’s capture.
First place:
«Kin-Dza-Dza». Levan Gabriadze (violinist) says that in his house
there is a 40-centimeter model of a pepelat and a rubber breast of a female yatsilop.
He wanted to steal another Bell-Zak, from which he suffered terribly. It is all the time
fell out of his nose, and the ring was taut. Then he was very sick
nose.
Longest Actor
Movie Actors Guide.
The most prolific American
actor Ian Leighton (aka Jean Leighton, Ian Leighton or simply Ian Leighton) for his
long life managed to play more than 3395 roles in film, television and theater that
made him the longest actor in the world, listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
He was born December 27, 1921 in New York in the family of Lichtman (Lichtman) — his
his father’s name was Ross Lichtman Queens, and his mother’s name was Ruth Markow (his father’s second wife), but
later, after studying music in Mexico City and surviving World War II, he decided to change
name on Layton to hide his Jewish roots as much as possible.
After Yang changed
surname, he was often invited to play small roles, mainly in the theater and
advertising. His film and television career began at 1951, and for
a small amount he achieved success in Broadway musicals in the 1960s, playing
a very large number of roles for various celebrities, including for
heroes of history and show business. Layton could play anyone, as long as he wanted, and
did not complain about the fact that they pay little or give small roles.
In the middle of the 20th century he was seen almost everywhere, especially in commercials, then he lights a cigarette like Fidel Castro in a cigarette lighter commercial, then he advertises Toyota cars like Albert Einstein, The Way Abraham Lincoln Advertisement for the Savings Bank of Minnesota , The Way Robert Lee opens a department store in Arizona, there were even roles portraying Bach in a beer commercial and Count Dracula in the first mobile phone commercial.
He also had many roles in films in which he played presidents, dictators, scientists, politicians, Frankenstein’s monsters, artists and historical figures.
Conclusion
The talent of an actor has always been
in demand, but in a big film there was practically no wide recognition. However
in 1982 he was able to play the role of Einstein in the film Get in! (Killed!)
which was very popular, and the actor paid more attention to
film agency.
However, he is still
received bit parts, so the actor returned to commercials and played
numerous roles of presidents and sports heroes. In 1998 Spencer Chaplin was
listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest-running actor with 3395 roles,
although many of his roles were played in commercials and theatre.
In America itself, few people
knew, so even his track record did not bring him fame. Most
longest-running actor on the planet died on November 16, 2009 at the age of 88 in
New York after a stroke.
References
- V.
