Anno 1800 the anarchist: The anarchist dlc | Anno 1800 Wiki

Anno 1800: The Anarchist Details and Credits for PC

PC

  • Publisher:

    Ubisoft

  • Release Date:
    Jun 5, 2019

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Summary:
Dr. Hugo Mercier, the infamous Anarchist, will be the newest addition to Anno 1800’s diverse cast of characters. While ruthless robber barons like von Malching or visionary architects like Gasparov build their magnificent Metropolises on the back of the populace, the Anarchist is a true man of the people, breaking the chains of indentured servitude and freeing his citizens from capitalist oppression. At least that is what he will happily tell you, and anyone else willing to listen to his manifesto.



Developer: Blue Byte
Genre(s):
Strategy, Management, Government


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Anno 1800: Der Anarchist — Lohnt sich der erste kostenpflichtige DLC?

Sympathisch ist der neue Anno-1800-Charakter Dr. Hugo Mercier nicht, bringt dafür aber ein paar spannende Neuerungen.

Dr. Hugo Mercier ist ein ziemlich Querkopf. Das zeigt sich schon allein daran, wie Spieler von Anno 1800 den quengeligen Kerl überhaupt in ihr Spiel bekommen. Bei dem selbsternannten »Anarchisten« handelt es sich nämlich im weitesten Sinne um einen DLC, den man aber nicht ohne weiteres kaufen kann.

Tatsächlich haben in der Theorie nur diejenigen Zugriff auf die erste kleine Erweiterung für Anno 1800, die das Spiel entweder in seiner Deluxe- oder der Pionier-Edition gekauft haben. Die Deluxe-Edition beinhaltet neben dem DLC noch ein digitales Artbook sowie eine Auswahl an Liedern aus dem offiziellen Soundtrack. Die Pionier-Edition bietet zusätzlich zu den Inhalten der Deluxe-Edition noch weitere haptische Sammel-Objekte.

Community-Mitarbeit bei Anno 1800: Was hat Anno Union erreicht?

In der Praxis können auch Eigentümer der Standard-Version den DLC herunterladen, wenn sie denn dazu bereit sind, für 10 Euro auf die Deluxe-Version aufzustufen. Da stellt sich natürlich die Frage: Lohnt sich das? Wir haben uns den guten Doktor genauer angeschaut und sagen euch, was Hugo Mercier so besonders macht und welchen Einfluss er auf das Spiel ausübt.

Alle Neuerungen auf einen Blick:

  • Neuer Charakter: Hugo Mercier
  • Über 50 neue Quests
  • Über 50 neue Items
  • Neues Portrait und ein neues Logo von Hugo Mercier
  • Megaphonturm & Anarchie-Banner als Ornament

Wer die Deluxe- oder Pionier-Edition von Anno 1800 sein eigen nennt, kann seit dem 5. Juni den Anarchisten Hugo Mercier als neuen Charakter willkommen heißen.

Wer ist Dr. Hugo Mercier?

Die Geschichte von Hugo Mercier ist schnell erzählt: Als ehemaliger Vorsitzender eines Verbandes für Zahnmedizin sammelte er viele Freunde und Verbündete um sich. Diese Popularität wollte sich die Königin zu Nutze machen und schickte Mercier mal eben in eines ihrer Herrschaftsgebiete, um eine drohende Revolution abzuwehren. Doch dieser erklärte sich nach seiner Ankunft kurzerhand für unabhängig und gründete eine eigene, radikale Gesellschaft.

In Anno 1800 tritt Hugo Mercier als neuer KI-Charakter auf, der sich von den bisherigen ziemlich unterscheidet. Als einziger Charakter bringt Mercier nämlich besondere Spielinhalte mit sich, von denen auch wir profitieren können. So zum Beispiel die neuen Anarchie-Artikel für unsere Zeitung, auf die wir später noch einmal zu sprechen kommen. Damit diese Neuerungen in unserer Partie auftauchen, muss einer der drei KI-Konkurrenten zwingend Hugo Mercier sein.

Als direkter Konkurrent kann der neue Charakter damit entweder unser bester Freund oder ärgster Widersacher werden. Wahrscheinlicher ist allerdings letzteres, denn der Doktor vertritt ziemlich extreme Prinzipien und erwartet selbiges auch von uns.

Hugo Mercier bildet keine Investoren aus, baut dafür aber jede Menge Megaphontürme und Propaganda-Banner.

Als selbsternannter Anarchist verabscheut Mercier jegliche Form der Autorität und strebt eine Welt frei von gesellschaftlichen Zwängen an. Folglich findet er es gar nicht gut, wenn wir Luxusartikel produzieren oder Polizeistationen bauen. Das teilt er uns auch in aller Regelmäßigkeit mit.

Gelegentlich können dabei sogar etwas verquere Wortwechsel entstehen, etwa wenn Mercier uns erst dafür lobt, dass wir Kartoffel-Äcker bauen und kurz darauf verteufelt, wenn wir aus den Töften Schnaps destillieren. Etwas anderes können wir mit den Kartoffeln in Anno 1800 allerdings gar nicht anfangen, es sei denn, wir verkaufen sie.

Das findet Hugo Mercier gut:

  • Zeitungen mit Anarchie-Artikeln
  • Handelsabkommen
  • Aufstände
  • Arbeiter
  • Kartoffeln

Das mag Hugo Mercier nicht:

  • Alkohol
  • Pelzmäntel
  • Polizei
  • Kirchen
  • Investoren

Abtrünnige auf der Flucht

Ob über kurz oder lang — irgendwann werdet ihr euch mit dem sehr penetranten KI-Kollegen verkrachen. Als mittelschwerer Gegner ist Mercier zudem durchaus in der Lage, schnell zu expandieren und nervt, indem er sehr regelmäßig Anteile an unseren Inseln einkauft. Die schlechte Laune rührt übrigens nicht nur von seiner Abneigung gegen unsere Luxusgüter oder dem Expansionswillen her.

Jemand, der seinen Untertanen jede Annehmlichkeit verwehrt, hat nämlich mit Aufständen zu kämpfen. So auch Mercier, der seine Bewohner zwar von seinen besonderen Megaphontürmen gut hörbar mit Propaganda beschallt, aber nicht jedermann damit auch zufrieden stellt. Diese Abtrünnigen fliehen daraufhin zu uns. Wir können uns entscheiden sie aufzunehmen, was diese in der Regel mit einem Batzen Geld und einer besonderen Persönlichkeit belohnen, allerdings ziehen wir damit einmal mehr den Zorn des guten Herrn Mercier auf uns.

In einer der neuen Aufgaben bittet uns Mercier darum, den Lieblingspfau des armen Sir Archibald zu stehlen. Klingt spannend, spielerisch reicht es aber auf den Pfau zu klicken.

Außerdem sorgen die geflohenen Anarchisten gelegentlich auch bei uns für Ärger und können uns sogar sabotieren, indem sie Feuer legen oder Fabriken in die Luft jagen. Da diese Aufstände aber selten bleibende Schäden an unserer Wirtschaft verursachen und Mercier spätestens mit den Investoren ohnehin kaum noch zufriedenzustellen ist, entschieden wir uns fast immer dafür die Flüchtigen aufzunehmen.

Eines der besten Aufbauspiele: Unser Test zu Anno 1800

Das ist neu in »Der Anarchist«

Insgesamt erweitert Mercier Anno 1800 um über 50 neue und durchaus abwechslungsreiche Quests, die sich spielerisch aber nicht groß von den Escort-Aufträgen und Wimmelbild-Rätseln des Hauptspiels unterscheiden. Anders als bei den anderen KI-Charakteren können wir bei Mercier dafür besondere Items einkaufen. Die meisten davon dienen dem Zweck, Unruhen auf unseren Inseln zu unterdrücken oder die Produktivität zu steigern. Wer bei Anno 1800 also gerne seine Rathäuser und Handelskammern aufrüstet, bekommt hier noch weitere Werkzeuge an die Hand, die sich wirklich lohnen können.

Die Anarchie-Artikel kosten uns keinen Einfluss, bringen aber auch recht schwerwiegende Nachteile mit sich.

Die wohl wichtigste Neuerung in »Der Anarchist« sind die speziellen Propaganda-Artikel, die uns Mercier höchstselbst ans Herz legt. Damit können wir unsere Zeitungen frisieren und müssen noch nicht einmal Einfluss bezahlen. Kostenlos sind sie aber trotzdem nicht, denn jeder Anarchie-Artikel bietet neben seinem (sehr starken) Vorteil, noch einen gleichwertigen Nachteil. Diese Artikel können ganz neue Spiel-Strategien befeuern, müssen dafür jedoch stets aufs Neue ihren Weg in unsere Zeitung finden.

Mithilfe eines der Artikel können wir beispielsweise schon sehr früh im Spiel unsere Arbeitskraft in jeder Bevölkerungsstufe extrem erhöhen. Nur dürfen wir dann nicht vergessen, den selben Artikel in der nächsten Ausgabe erneut zu platzieren. Die restlichen Anarchie-Artikel werden zudem erst im späteren Verlauf wirklich attraktiv, wenn wir unseren Einfluss häufiger für zahlreiche Kriegsschiffe benötigen.

Letztendlich bleiben die Neuerungen des Anarchisten oberflächlich zwar eine Bereicherung, verändern eine Partie aber auch nicht auf weltbewegende Weise. Mercier ist trotzdem eine tolle Persönlichkeit, wir würden uns sogar wünschen, dass noch mehr Charaktere wirklich völlig eigene Mechaniken mitbringen. In der Praxis reichen die Änderungen allerdings nicht aus, um allein für den Anarchisten ein Aufrüsten auf die Deluxe-Edition für 10 Euro zu rechtfertigen. Wer allerdings zusätzlich noch Freude an dem exzellenten Soundtrack und dem digitalen Artbook hat, der kriegt mit dem DLC eine durchaus gelungene Ingame-Erweiterung dazu.

Diese DLCs sind für die Zukunft geplant: Der Season Pass von Anno 1800 im Überblick

90,000 How they stopped killing them and started after us. On the anniversary of the assassination attempt on the emperor of Germany

On May 11, 1878, an anarchist shot at the German emperor Wilhelm I.

Political terror began as a hunt exclusively for the “people of the system”: kings and members of their families, at worst, government officials. Today, as we celebrate the 139th anniversary of the assassination attempt on German Emperor Wilhelm I, it is worth talking about how political terrorism changed its goals.

Shots fired in Berlin

The solemn ceremony of proclaiming Wilhelm I German Emperor in Versailles.

On May 11, 1878, Emperor Wilhelm I was traveling through Berlin in an open carriage. Near the Russian embassy, ​​the crew was fired upon. The shooter (a certain Max Godel) managed to fire four shots, all by. After the arrest, he called himself an anarchist, explaining that he wanted to «… draw the attention of the rich to the current state of affairs and to what it leads» (Gedel was in financial need and wanted to protest in this way). He behaved arrogantly in court. Executed in the summer of the same year.

Even before Gödel’s execution, Wilhelm was assassinated again: on June 2, he was shot at with a shotgun in the same street. This time they were seriously injured. The shooter (a certain Karl Nobiling) did not live to see the trial, he died from the consequences of a wound inflicted on himself during his arrest.

A series of assassination attempts allowed Otto von Bismarck (by the way, he himself was assassinated twice) to pass a repressive law against the socialists and, possibly, save Wilhelm from new shots. In any case, there were no more assassination attempts.

Terror as a fashion of the 19th century

Political terrorism in Europe in its development was based on a number of factors: the example of revolutionary France, the development of socialist doctrines, the national liberation struggle, as well as technical progress. The latter improved the murder weapons: 1) made them compact and multiply charged (the first revolver chambered for a unitary cartridge appeared in 1836) 2) simplified the handling of explosives and the manufacture of bombs.

It is always difficult to find a beginning in such processes, especially since politicians and heads of state have always been killed. But terror as a systemic action, as a method of political struggle, which overtook many politicians of the Old and New Worlds by the middle of the 19th century, began to take shape in the early 1800s in Italy. A number of different organizations arose there (the Carbonari revolutionaries, the Camorra as the predecessor of the mafia), which were engaged, among other things, in countering the Napoleonic occupation, and then the restored Bourbon monarchy. However, the Bourbons had enough haters from among the French Republicans.

Be that as it may, the intimidation and murder of petty officials gradually gave way to the first «hunt» — for Louis Philippe. None of the assassination attempts was successful, in total the king survived 7 assassination attempts, sometimes accompanied by a large number of random victims. It is from him that assassination attempts on heads of state become fashionable.

The appropriateness of this phrase also lies in the fact that the assassin was by no means always a Carbonari revolutionary. The King of Prussia, Frederick William IV, was shot by an ordinary official, dissatisfied with his dismissal from the service. And just the method of expressing discontent is the sign of the century. After all, he did not go to court, did not seek protection, but bought a gun.

From the middle to the end of the 19th century, more and more political movements began to resort to political terror, in particular socialists and anarchists — those who shot at Wilhelm I, Bismarck, the Narodnaya Volya who killed Alexander II. In addition, the following died at the hands of terrorists: Prince of Serbia Mikhail Obrenovic (1868), French President Carnot (1894), Spanish Prime Minister Canova (1897), three American presidents — Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley (1865, 1881 , 1901), King Umberto I of Italy (1900 year).

In total, before the First World War, as a result of assassination attempts, several dozen monarchs, members of their families and high-ranking politicians died and suffered. As well as many politicians and officials of a simpler rank and random victims. Among those, one can also record the victims of one of the most famous political terrorist attacks of the 20th century — the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which provoked the First World War with its millions of deaths.

Interwar period

After the World War, terror began to decline. The Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, German empires ceased to exist. The national liberation movements achieved independence, the socialist parties came to power (Russia) or received legal representation in parliaments.

In the next 20 years, political terror is predominantly practiced by the right — fascist and nationalist regimes that are emerging in Europe. Their supporters killed the King of Yugoslavia Alexander I Karageorgievich (1934), French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou, Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss (1934), Romanian Prime Minister Duca (1934). Moreover, these murders should be considered in one bundle, since Germany was either an interested party or a shadow participant in them. Dollfuss opposed the rapprochement of Austria and Germany, and the assassination of Alexander I Karageorgievich and the Romanian prime minister shook the Little Entente (the military-political union of Yugoslavia, Romania and Czechoslovakia).

However, the case was not limited to high-profile political assassinations. 19The 20-1930s were also the time of the undeclared war of the «old» and «new» terrorists. We can see the prototype of the struggle between the socialists and the right in the mutual hunting of the left and the Black Hundreds at the beginning of the 20th century. For the latter, however, terror remained more of a declaration. In contrast, the European right and left in the interwar period churned each other with gusto. An attack on someone else’s rally (in the end — several corpses) was an ordinary event in Germany in the late 1920s. In Austria, in 1934, it came to an open uprising of anarchists and socialists, to suppress which the still living Dollfuss had to use the army.

How terror has changed

The 20th century differs from the 19th not only in the confrontation between right and left terror.

Firstly, it has ceased to be only a method of fighting the authorities — the authorities themselves in a number of cases began to adopt this method to suppress the opposition.

Second, it has become common practice to support terrorist organizations whose activities are tactically or strategically beneficial. One of the first such examples was probably the assassination attempt on Napoleon III: the terrorist Orsini prepared his bombs in London. At the beginning of the 20th century, Japan, at the very least, supported the Socialist-Revolutionaries, Polish and Georgian socialists with money and weapons. In the future, this practice was adopted by many and still exists in a little changed form: terrorists still need money and weapons, and powers need to destabilize their opponents.

The hunt for top officials, which distinguished terrorism in the 19th century, has practically lost its meaning today: the role of “top officials” has decreased, states are less dependent on them and more dependent on the system of power itself, the strength of the state as such. And the protection of politicians and the prevention of assassination attempts have since become a professional activity of the special services. For an assassination attempt, it is no longer enough just to buy a revolver and walk around the residence of the monarch or head of government, calmly waiting for his arrival.

Therefore, today’s terrorism involves not one-time actions, but serial, drawn-out hostilities, long-term conflicts. And it is aimed at loosening and weakening the state as a whole. The terrorists believe that the best available means is to intimidate and panic not the ruling strata, but the public as a whole.

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who is Paul Feyerabend and why he urged scientists not to believe in the truth of knowledge

Svyatoslav
Ivanov

news editor

Many scientific discoveries were made by scientists contrary to the prevailing scientific and ethical concepts. In the middle of the last century, the future Nobel laureate Paul Greengard proved that not only electrical reactions, but also chemical ones take place inside the human brain, and the Chinese geneticist Jiankui He conducted the first experiments on editing the genomes of embryos in 2018. Hi-Tech tells about scientists who did their research contrary to mainstream scientific thought, as well as the principles of scientific anarchism.

Read «High Tech» in

Anarchist scientists are commonly referred to as researchers who either conduct their research from a side that is extremely unpopular with the authoritative scientific or religious community, often bordering on pseudoscience, or conduct experiments that are beyond the ethical standards of society.

As a rule, such studies are on the periphery of scientific thought, although quite often this happens rightly. Many of these scientists are engaged in rather strange experiments: someone is trying to mathematically explain the nature of unproven levitation, others are coming up with a new design for a wheel or bicycle.

Anarchist theory of knowledge , «epistemological anarchism» is a relativistic concept of science proposed by the American philosopher Paul Feyerabend. In this approach, he proposes to completely abandon any universal criteria for the truth of knowledge, from the imposition of these criteria by the state or society.

In his book Against Method, Feyerabend writes that these criteria create an obstacle to the free development of science, since every scientist can develop an idea, even if it seems to him absurd or outdated. At the same time, each viewer or listener can choose for himself which theory to agree with, which views to adhere to, even if they contradict each other.

Feyerabend gives Newton’s figure as an example. Society often calls science and religion complete opposites, but Newton was inspired in his scientific research by the idea of ​​God and religious cosmogony. In fact, the divine was the beginning of the scientific, but this would not have happened if the scientist had not gone against the then dominant scientific paradigm.

Paul Feyerabend

Paul Feyerabend was born in Vienna after World War I, and when Austria became part of the Third Reich after 1938, he, like his parents, became a Nazi sympathizer. Feyerabend himself noted in his memoirs that he had never been an ardent supporter of Hitler, but he knew about the atrocities committed by the Nazis and treated them absolutely normally.

During the war, Feyerabend was on the Eastern Front, where he earned the Iron Cross and the rank of lieutenant. During the offensive of the Soviet army, already in the second part of the war, he received three bullet wounds in the stomach and arm, was sent to the rear, where he was in the hospital for almost a year. As a result, Feyerabend spends his whole life with a wand, and being wounded in the war will be one of the reasons why he will begin to study science first, and then the philosophy of science.

From 1958 to 1989 — almost half of his life — Feyerabend spent in the United States, where he taught at the University of California at Berkeley. There he developed his method of denying universal scientific rules and wrote the most famous books in the history of scientific anarchism, including Science in a Free Society and Farewell to Reason.

Some experts noted the contrast between the anarchism of Feyerabend’s science and the economic model of the state in which he lived. In the US, on the one hand, people, including scientists, can do absolutely whatever they want. On the other hand, they have no pure freedom, since their entire existence is subject to the operation of the standard economic model. Epistemological anarchism, of which Feyerabend was one of the founders, is being built as if in opposition to the capitalist system.

According to epistemological anarchism, there is one principle by which scientists must work: «Everything is permitted.» It allows the scientist to invent his own concept and prove it with any arguments, even if initially it seems that they are completely unrelated to the proposed theory.

Feyerabend also advocates a complete separation of the state from science, because otherwise, as President Dwight Eisenhower noted, «the state will be captured by the scientific and technological elite. » However, Feyerabend argues that scientific dogmas and standardized education lead to the stagnation of science, especially in terms of defending one or another scientific thought.

Box

Chinese geneticist Jiankui He is one of the top scientists of 2018

On November 26, 2018, it was reported that Chinese geneticist Jiankui He used genome editing technology to modify the embryos of two girls, and later he spoke about a third case when a woman gave birth to a child after a change in the genes of the embryo.

Officially, genetic engineering technologies in relation to embryos with the possibility of further procreation are not prohibited, but after this incident, the entire world community criticized He, and many countries began to prepare legislation regulating this area of ​​science.

In his experiments, He used the CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing method on 16 embryos to eliminate the possibility of further HIV infection. 11 of them were used in attempts to get pregnant, three succeeded. After the appearance of the first twins Lulu and Nana with altered genes, He declared that he would not continue his experiments, since he needed to make sure the experiments were safe.

Sidebar

One of the main reasons He has been critical of the entire scientific community is that he did not disclose his experiments to the women who were injected with these embryos, to the hospital where the experiment was performed, or even to the Chinese scientific regulator.

Now the fate of He, who was criticized by the Chinese authorities for «trying to gain profit and fame from dubious experiments», is practically unknown. No one has seen the scientist for several months, and all the universities where he worked, he was fired.

Jiankui He

The fate of both Lulu and Nana is unknown. Since their birth, scientific journals have not published a single article about their life, as well as about how their body with edited genes develops, whether any experiments are being carried out on them.

Nicolaus Copernicus — the originator of the world’s first scientific revolution

The Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, despite being brought up by his uncle, Bishop Lukasz Wachenrode of the diocese of Warmia, became one of the most important scientists of the Renaissance and an antagonist for the church.

Books of Copernicus with research and proof of the existence of the heliocentric system of the world, on which he worked for decades, were published in 1543, shortly before his death. At the same time, their full revolutionary and philosophical significance became clear only after Galileo began to develop his theories. At the same time, in 1616, the Inquisition included the books of Copernicus in the «Index of Forbidden Books» — «until correction», where they were for the next 200 years.

Nicolaus Copernicus

In his heliocentric system of the world, Copernicus pointed out that the Earth (formerly considered the center of the world) is just one of the planets that revolve around the Sun. At the same time, the Polish astronomer did not develop his theories, but tried to improve the geocentric system of the world, set out in the Almagest by Ptolemy and the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos.

Thanks to the work of Copernicus, the first scientific revolution in the history of mankind took place, when researchers stopped focusing on previous scientific discoveries and began to study the world, starting from the results of his work.

Copernicus himself developed his theories, including that «earth» and «heaven» obey the same physical laws only from the point of view of astronomy. He retained in his theories the points about the immobility of some stars, although this was logical only for times when, in the scientific paradigm, the Earth constantly remained in one place. Also in his work were points that the universe is finite, and some of the mathematical conclusions of Ptolemy, recognized as incorrect even before his birth, but they proved some of the astronomical calculations of Copernicus.

Robert Fulton and his steam ship

In 1800, American engineer Robert Fulton began experimenting with the creation of the first steam engine in the history of mankind and the subsequent modernization of sailing boats.

Robert Fulton

Initially Fulton’s ideas were received very critically by the scientific community. Many engineers then said that his research «looks just ridiculous.»

Mr. Fulton’s proposal to install a steam engine on ships is sheer absurdity. The steam engine can never replace sails.

François Le Moyne, Commissar of the Navy

Criticized Fulton and Napoleon Bonaparte, calling the scientist «a charlatan hungry for money.» Despite this, the engineer carried out several tests on the Seine of his first steamer, about 20 m long. Then he reached a speed of three knots against the current.

The steamer Fulton went on her maiden voyage on August 17, 1807. The first steamboat is often referred to as the Claremont. In fact, the engineer called it the «Steamboat of the North River», and «Clairmont» was the name of the estate of his partner and main investor Livingston on the Hudson River, 177 km from New York, which the steamer visited during the first voyage. At the same time, an American engineer presented the first ever concept of a submarine.

A ship designed by Fulton

Only in 1813, ten years after the first steamboat trials, did Napoleon apologize to Fulton, and Alexander I granted him the monopoly right to operate steamboat ships on the St. Petersburg-Kronstadt line, as well as on other Russian rivers for 15 years. However, Fulton did not have time to build ships in Russia and died in 1815.

Louis Daguerre — the creator of photography

On January 7, 1839, French artist, dancer and tightrope walker Louis Daguerre presented his first photograph at a meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciences, together with physicist Francois Arago, who made a separate report on daguerreotype — the world’s first workable technology creating photographs based on the photosensitivity of silver iodide. Subsequently, it was replaced by safer and cheaper technologies.

Initially, Daguerre used giant paintings as backgrounds for the theatrical productions he created, including an image of a huge 22 m high cathedral. a little blurry and fuzzy.

Louis Daguerre

Daguerre had already begun to conduct chemical experiments when he learned about Nicéphore Niépce, who was engaged in approximately the same experiments in the field of photography. Later, they will conduct research together and create dozens of photographs, and after the death of Niepce, Daguerre will become the sole creator and owner of this technology, having bought out a patent for developing photographs from the physicist’s children.

After the presentation of the first images, Daguerre was criticized by the entire scientific community of that time. Chemist Franz Opel called Daguerre’s experiments blasphemous and stupid. “Such an attempt, moreover, is blasphemous. Man is created in the image and likeness of God, and the image of God cannot be captured by any device created by man,” Opel said.

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