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• September 18, 1931 Japanese attack on Manchuria.
• October 2, 1935-May 1936 . The invasion of fascist Italy into Ethiopia, its conquest and annexation.
• October 25-November 1, 1936 October 25, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy signed a cooperation agreement. On November 1, the creation of the «Rome-Berlin Axis» was announced.
• November 25, 1936 Nazi Germany and imperialist Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact. It was directed against the USSR and the international communist movement.
• July 7, 1937 Japan invaded China.
• November 26, 1937 Italy acceded to the Anti-Comintern Pact of Germany and Japan.
• March 11-13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria (so-called Anschluss ).

• September 29, 1938 Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France signed the Munich Agreement obliging the Czechoslovak Republic to cede the Sudetenland (where key Czechoslovak defenses were located) to Nazi Germany.
• March 14-15, 1939 Under pressure from Germany, the Slovaks declared their independence and created the Slovak Republic. The Germans violated the Munich Agreement by occupying the remnants of the Czech lands and created the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
• March 31, 1939 France and Great Britain provided guarantees for the inviolability of the borders of the Polish state.
• April 7-15, 1939 The attack of fascist Italy on Albania, its annexation.
• August 23, 1939 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact and a secret protocol to it, according to which Eastern Europe was divided into spheres of influence.
• September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland, World War II began in Europe.
• September 3, 1939 Fulfilling their obligations to Poland, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
• September 17, 1939 The Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. The Polish government went into exile: first through Romania to France, then to Great Britain.
• September 27-29, 1939 Warsaw fell on September 27. Germany and the Soviet Union divide Poland between them.
• November 30, 1939-March 12, 1940 The Soviet Union attacked Finland, unleashing the so-called Winter War. The Finns requested a truce and were forced to cede the northern shore of Lake Ladoga to the Soviet Union. They also lost a small section of the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
• April 9-June 9, 1940 Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. Denmark capitulated on the day of the attack. Norway resisted until 9 June.
• May 10-June 22, 1940 Germany attacked Western Europe: France and the neutral Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). Luxembourg was occupied on 10 May; The Netherlands capitulated on 14 May; Belgium — 28 May On June 22, France signed an armistice agreement, according to which German troops occupied the northern part of the country and the entire Atlantic coast. In the southern part of France, a collaborationist regime was established with the capital in the city of Vichy.
• June 10, 1940 Italy enters the war. On June 21, Italy invaded southern France.
• June 28, 1940 The USSR forced Romania to cede the eastern region of Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina to Soviet Ukraine.
• June 14-August 6, 1940 June 14-18, the Soviet Union occupied the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). On July 14-15, he staged a communist coup in each of them, and then, on August 3-6, he annexed them as Soviet republics.
• July 10-October 31, 1940 Air war against England, known as the Battle of Britain, ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany.
• August 30, 1940 Second Vienna Arbitration: Germany and Italy decided to divide the disputed Transylvania between Romania and Hungary. The loss of northern Transylvania led the Romanian king Carol II to abdicate in favor of his son Mihai. The dictatorial regime of General Ion Antonescu came to power.
• September 13, 1940 Italian attack of tons on British-controlled Egypt from Italian-controlled Libya.
• September 27, 1940 Germany, Italy and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact.
• October 1940 On October 28, Italy invaded Greece from Albania.
• November 1940 Hungary (November 20), Romania (November 23) and Slovakia (November 24) joined the German coalition.
• February 1941 Germany sent its Afrika Korps to North Africa to support the indecisive Italians.
• March 1, 1941 Bulgaria joined the Axis.
• April 6-June 1941 Germany, Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria invaded Yugoslavia and partitioned it. On April 17, Yugoslavia capitulated. . Germany and Bulgaria attacked Greece, helping the Italians. Greece ceased resistance at the beginning of June 1941 years old.
• April 10, 1941 The leaders of the Ustaše terrorist movement proclaimed the so-called Independent State of Croatia. Immediately recognized by Germany and Italy, the new state also included Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatia officially joined the Axis states on 15 June 1941.
• June 22-November 1941 Nazi Germany and its allies (with the exception of Bulgaria) attacked the Soviet Union. Finland, seeking to regain territories lost during the Winter War, joined the Axis just before the invasion. The Germans quickly captured the Baltic states and by September, with the support of the joined Finns, besieged Leningrad (St. Petersburg). On the central front, German troops occupied Smolensk in early August and approached Moscow by October. In the south, German and Romanian troops captured Kyiv in September, and Rostov-on-Don in November.
• December 6, 1941 The counteroffensive launched by the Soviet Union forced the Nazis to retreat from Moscow in disorder.
• December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
• December 8, 1941 The United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II. Japanese troops landed in the Philippines, French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) and British Singapore. By April 1942, the Japanese had occupied the Philippines, Indochina, and Singapore; by May, Burma had been taken under control.
• December 11-13, 1941 Nazi Germany and its allies declared war on the United States.
• 30 May 1942-May 1945 British bombardment of Cologne. Thus, hostilities were for the first time transferred to the territory of Germany itself. In the next three years, Anglo-American aircraft almost completely destroyed the major cities of Germany.
• June 1942 The US Navy will stop the advance of the Japanese fleet in the Central Pacific near the Midway Islands.
• June 28-September 1942 Germany and its allies launched a new offensive in the Soviet Union. By mid-September, German troops made their way to Stalingrad (Volgograd) on the Volga and invaded the Caucasus, having previously captured the Crimean Peninsula. In North Africa, German forces entered Egypt. This is the pinnacle of Germany’s military success in World War II.
• August 7, 1942-February 9, 1943 Allied forces launched their first counteroffensive against the Japanese: landing and capturing Tulagi, Florida, and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
• October 23-24, 1942 The British army defeated Germany and Italy at the Battle of El Alamein (Egypt), forcing the troops of the fascist bloc into a disorderly retreat through Libya to the eastern border of Tunisia.
• November 8, 1942 American and British troops landed at several locations along the coast of Algeria and Morocco in French North Africa. An unsuccessful attempt by the Vichy French army to thwart the invasion allowed the Allies to quickly reach the western border of Tunisia and led to Germany’s occupation of southern France on 11 November.
• November 23, 1942-February 2, 1943 Counter-offensive e of the Soviet Army, breaking through the front line of the Hungarian and Romanian troops to the north-west and south-west of Stalingrad and encircling the German Sixth Army in the city. The remnants of the Sixth Army, which Hitler forbade to retreat or try to break out of the encirclement, capitulated on January 30 and February 2, 1943.
• May 13, 1943 Fascist bloc troops in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies, the North African campaign ended there.
• July 5, 1943 German troops launched a massive tank attack near the Soviet city of Kursk. The Soviet army repulsed the attack for a week, and then went on the offensive.
• July 10, 1943 American and British troops landed in Sicily. By mid-August, the Allies had taken control of Sicily.
• July 25, 1943 The Grand Council of the Italian Fascist Party deposed Benito Mussolini and commissioned Marshal Pietro Badoglio to form a new government.
• September 8, 1943 The Badoglio government surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. Germany immediately seized control of Rome and northern Italy, installing a puppet regime led by Mussolini, who was released from prison by a German sabotage squad on 12 September.
• September 9, 1943 Allied troops landed on the coast of Salerno near Naples.
• November 6, 1943 The Soviet army expelled the Nazis from Kyiv.
• January 22, 1944 Allied forces successfully land near Anzio, just south of Rome.
• March 19, 1944 Anticipating Hungary’s intention to withdraw from the Axis coalition, Germany occupied Hungary and forced its ruler, Admiral Miklós Horthy, to appoint a pro-German prime minister.
• 4 June 1944 Allied troops liberated Rome. Anglo-American bombers hit targets located in eastern Germany for the first time; this went on for six weeks.
• June 6, 1944 British, American and Canadian troops successfully landed on the coast of Normandy (France), opening a Second Front against Germany.

• June 22, 1944 Soviet troops launched a massive offensive in eastern Belarus (Belarus), destroying the German army of the Center group, and by August 1 headed west, to the Vistula River and Warsaw (central Poland).
• July 25 1944 years The Allied army broke out of the bridgehead in Normandy and advanced east towards Paris.
• August 1-October 5, 1944 The Home Army (Polish anti-communist resistance) revolted against the German regime, trying to liberate Warsaw before the arrival of the Soviet troops. The advance of the Soviet army stopped on the eastern bank of the Vistula. On October 5, the remnants of the Home Army that fought in Warsaw surrendered to the Germans.
• August 15, 1944 Allied troops landed in southern France near Nice and quickly advanced northeast towards the Rhine.
• August 20-25, 1944 Allied troops reached Paris. On August 25, the French Free Army, supported by the Allied forces, entered Paris. By September, the Allies had reached the German border. By December, virtually all of France, most of Belgium, and part of the southern Netherlands had been liberated.
• 23 August 1944 years The appearance of the Soviet army on the Prut River prompts the Romanian opposition to overthrow the Antonescu regime. The new government concluded a truce and immediately went over to the side of the Allies. This turn of Romanian policy forced Bulgaria to surrender on September 8, and Germany to leave the territory of Greece, Albania and southern Yugoslavia in October.
• August 29-October 28, 1944 Underground detachments of the Slovak Resistance, led by the Slovak National Council, which included both communists and anti-communists, revolted against the German authorities and the local fascist regime. At the end of October, the Germans captured the city of Banska Bistrica, where the headquarters of the rebels is located, and crushed organized resistance.
• September 4, 1944 Finland agreed to an armistice with the Soviet Union and the withdrawal of German troops.
• October 15, 1944 The Hungarian fascist Arrow Cross Party carried out a pro-German coup d’état to prevent the Hungarian government from starting surrender negotiations with the Soviet Union.
• October 20, 1944 American troops landed in the Philippines.
• December 16 1944 years Germany launched a final offensive on the western front, known as the Battle of the Bulge, in an attempt to retake Belgium and split the Allied forces stationed along the German border. By January 1, 1945, the Germans were forced to retreat.
• January 12, 1945 The Soviet army launches a new offensive, in January it liberated Warsaw and Krakow. On February 13, after a two-month siege, Budapest was captured; in early April, the Red Army expelled the Germans and Hungarian collaborators from Hungary.
• March 7, 1945 American troops crossed the Rhine near Remagen.
• April 4, 1945 The capture of Bratislava forced Slovakia to capitulate.
• April 13, 1945 The Soviet army captured Vienna.
• April 16, 1945 Soviet troops launched a decisive offensive, surrounding Berlin.
• April 1945 Partisan units led by Yugoslav communist leader Josip Broz Tito captured Zagreb and overthrew the Ustaše regime. The leaders of the Ustaše party fled to Italy and Austria.
• April 30, 1945 Hitler committed suicide.
• May 7-8, 1945 On May 7, in Reims, the German representative signed an act of unconditional surrender at the headquarters of the American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander of the Allied forces in northeastern Europe. The surrender took effect on 8 May at 23:01 CET.
• May 8, 1945 German representatives sign a second very similar instrument of surrender in Berlin. It also came into effect on 8 May at 23:01 CET. Moscow time, the act came into force after midnight, 9May.
• May 1945 Allied forces captured Okinawa, the last island on the way to the Japanese archipelago.
• August 6, 1945 The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
• August 8, 1945 The Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria.
• August 9, 1945 The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki.
• 2 September 1945 years Japan, having agreed to the terms of unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945, officially capitulated, thereby putting an end to World War II.

Frequently asked questions about World War II

How long did World War II last?

World War II lasted six years, from 1939 to 1945.

When did World War II start?

World War II began on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland.

When did World War II end in Europe?

The German Armed Forces surrendered unconditionally to the Allies on May 7, 1945. The capitulation took effect the next day, 8 May.

The Second World War officially ended in most of Europe on May 8 (Victory in Europe Day). Due to the time difference, the Soviet side declared Victory Day 9May 1945.

When did World War II end in the Pacific theater?

In the Pacific theater World War II ended on September 2, 1945 with the official signing of the surrender by Japan.

Last revised: Jul 27, 2022

World War II (1939-1945) — RIA Novosti, 09/01/2019

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World War II (1939-1945)

World War II (1939-1945) — RIA Novosti, 01. 09.2019

World War II (1939-1945)

September 1945, was unleashed by fascist Germany, Italy and militaristic Japan. In … RIA Novosti, 09/01/2019

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The Second World War, which lasted from September 1, 2939, was a fascist outbreak4 Italy and militaristic Japan. 61 states with a population of 1.7 billion people were drawn into the war, hostilities were conducted on the territory of 40 states, as well as in maritime and ocean theaters. and between states and groups of states, the militarization of all spheres of public life. The political and economic contradictions between the two groups of capitalist powers (the victorious and defeated countries in the First World War) reached the limiting intensity. The main reason for the emergence of the Second World War was the course of Germany and its allies towards a violent redistribution of the world. With the advent of Adolf Hitler to power at 19In 1933 Germany became the main reactionary force in international militarism. The fascist program for the conquest of world domination included plans for the return of the former colonies, the defeat of Great Britain, France and posed a threat to the United States. The main obstacle to world domination was the USSR. Having created a solid military and economic base, Germany, Italy and Japan began to implement their aggressive plans. Italian fascists invaded Ethiopia in 1935. March 1936, Germany sent its troops into the Rhine demilitarized zone, in March 1938 — into Austria, liquidating an independent European state. Japan in the early 1930s occupied the territory of Northeast China, creating a springboard for attacking the USSR, Mongolia, and the rest of China. The ruling circles of Great Britain and France betrayed their ally — Czechoslovakia, agreed to the seizure of the Sudetenland by Germany, hoping to open the way to the east for the Nazis. In the autumn of 1938, Germany occupied part of Czechoslovakia, and in the spring of 193839 years old — the whole country, captured the Klaipeda region from Lithuania. Italy occupied Albania in April 1939. At the same time, Germany denounced the Anglo-German naval agreement of 1935, tore up the German-Polish declaration of 1934 on the non-use of force, concluded with Italy the «Steel Pact» of 1939, according to which the parties pledged to provide mutual military help in case of war. At the same time, Britain and France abandoned the system of collective security in Europe proposed by the Soviet Union. In the created conditions, the USSR, remaining in political isolation, was forced on August 23, 1939 years to conclude a non-aggression pact with Germany. World War II began on September 1, 1939, when Nazi Germany attacked Poland. On September 3, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany, as they were bound by allied obligations with Poland, which had undergone aggression. The Anglo-French coalition, which included the British dominions and colonies (September 3 — Australia, New Zealand, India; September 6 — the Union of South Africa; September 10 — Canada, etc. ), practically did not provide any assistance to Poland. The courageous resistance of the Polish people and troops could not prevent the defeat of the country: its territory was occupied by German troops. September 17, 1939 years, by decision of the Soviet government, the Red Army troops crossed the border of Poland and entered the territory of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, which were part of Russia until 1917, in order to protect the Belarusian and Ukrainian population in connection with the collapse of the Polish state and prevent the further advance of the German armies to the east. Also important was the reunification of Bessarabia with the USSR and the entry of Northern Bukovina into it, the conclusion of agreements on mutual assistance with the Baltic states. Hitler’s troops stopped 200-350 kilometers west of the line from which they hoped to launch an offensive against the USSR. The Soviet-Finnish war 19 had a certain influence on the international situation.39-1940s. During this «strange war», the Anglo-French troops were actually inactive, the battles were fought only in the air. In April — May 1940, the troops of Nazi Germany occupied Denmark and Norway, then Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, and then invaded France through their territory, which capitulated on 22 June. In August 1940, massive German air strikes began on the cities of Great Britain. At the same time, the actions of the German naval forces in the Atlantic Ocean intensified. In August of the same year, the troops of fascist Italy, which entered on June 10, 1940 years in the war on the side of Germany, captured British Somalia, part of Kenya and Sudan, in mid-September invaded Egypt from Libya, trying to break through to Suez. The offensive launched by the Italians in October 1940 from Albania to Greece was repulsed by the Greek army. In January — May 1941, British troops, with the support of the rebellious population and partisans, expelled the Italians from British Somalia, Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Italian Somalia, Eritrea. At the beginning of 1941, German troops began to arrive in North Africa, forming the so-called African Corps. Going on the offensive on March 31, the Italo-German troops reached the Libyan-Egyptian border in the second half of April. Simultaneously with military operations in Europe and Africa, Japan’s aggression in China continued to expand. Japanese troops began the occupation of the southern regions of China, captured the northern part of French Indochina. In the spring of 19For 41 years, the United States sent troops to Greenland and Iceland in the summer, creating military bases there. On March 1, 1941, fascist German troops were introduced into Bulgaria, which joined the Tripartite Pact — a military-political alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan, concluded on September 27, 1940 year and fixing the obligations of the parties to provide mutual political, economic and military assistance. In April 1941, the Italo-German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops captured Greece and Yugoslavia, and in May the German troops captured the island of Crete. As a result, all countries of Western and Central Europe were occupied by Nazi Germany and Italy. June 22, 19For 41 years, German troops invaded the territory of the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War began. Together with Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Finland, Italy came out against the USSR, and Norway joined them in August. On July 12, 1941, an agreement was concluded between the USSR and Great Britain on joint actions against Germany. On August 2, an agreement was reached with the United States on military-economic cooperation. To prevent the danger of creating fascist strongholds in the Middle East, British and Soviet troops in August — September 1941 years entered Iran. On December 7, 1941, by attacking Pearl Harbor, Japan unleashed a war against the United States. On December 8, the United States, Great Britain and other countries of the anti-fascist coalition declared war on Japan. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. At the end of 1941 — the beginning of 1942, Japan captured Malaya, the Philippines, Burma, and created the threat of an invasion of Australia. On the Soviet-German front, Soviet troops exhausted the enemy in heavy battles, stopped his offensive in all major directions. The first major defeat of the Wehrmacht in World War II was the defeat of the Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow on 1941-1942, which meant the disruption of Hitler’s plan of «blitzkrieg». In 1942, as a result of the summer offensive, the Nazi troops reached the Caucasus and the Volga, but the Red Army won the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) and the Battle of Kursk (1943 ) led to the final loss of the German command of the strategic initiative. Japan due to the failures of its armed forces in the Pacific Ocean in 1942 (defeats from the American fleet in the Coral Sea in May and at Midway Island in June), as well as with the disruption of the plans of the German fascist offensive at 1942 on the Soviet-German front, was forced to abandon the attack on the USSR and switch to defense in the Pacific Ocean at the end of 1942. By May 1943, North Africa was liberated by the Anglo-American troops. In July — August 1943, Anglo-American troops landed on the island of Sicily. September 3, 1943 Italy signed the act of surrender. On October 13, Italy declared war on Germany. Nazi troops occupied its territory. In 1944, Soviet troops liberated almost the entire territory of the USSR. June 6 1944 years Anglo-American troops landed in France, opening a second front in Europe, and launched an offensive in Germany. In September 1944, with the active support of the French Resistance forces, they cleared almost the entire territory of France from the fascist invaders. Soviet troops from the middle of 1944 began the liberation of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe (Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria and other states), which was completed with the participation of the patriotic forces of these countries in the spring of 1945 years. In 1944, in the Pacific Ocean, the American-British armed forces captured the Marshall and Mariana Islands. In February 1945, the Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the leaders of the USSR, USA, Great Britain took place, which considered the issues of the post-war world order and the participation of the USSR in the war with Japan. In April 1945, Northern Italy and areas of Western Germany were liberated by the Allied forces. In early May, with the help of Italian partisans, they completely took over Italy. In the Pacific, the Allies carried out operations to defeat the Japanese fleet, liberated a number of islands occupied by Japan, approached Japan directly and cut off its communications with the countries of Southeast Asia. In April — May 19For 45 years, Soviet troops defeated the last groupings of Nazi troops in the Berlin and Prague operations and met with the Allied troops. The war in Europe is over. At midnight on May 8, on the outskirts of Berlin, Karlshorst, representatives of the German high command signed an act of unconditional surrender. On August 6 and 9, 1945, for political purposes, the United States carried out atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Fulfilling its allied duty, the USSR declared war on Japan and on August 9 began hostilities, during which the Japanese Kwantung Army was defeated, the center of aggression in the Far East was liquidated, Northeast China, North Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were liberated. 2 September 19Japan capitulated for 45 years, the war ended. The Second World War was the largest military clash in the history of mankind. It lasted six years, there were 110 million people in the ranks of the armed forces. Military operations were conducted on the territory of Europe, Asia, Africa, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Over 55 million people died in World War II, of which 27 million died in the Soviet Union. The damage from the direct destruction and destruction of material assets on the territory of the USSR amounted to almost 41% of all countries participating in the war. Poland (about six million people), Yugoslavia (1.7 million people), China (over five million people) and other states suffered great losses. The loss of the United States amounted to 400 thousand people, the UK — 370 thousand people. The total losses of the Wehrmacht are 13.4 million people, including 10 million people on the Soviet-German front. The armed forces of Germany’s allies lost 1. 725 million people. Japan’s losses were over 2.5 million people. The Second World War was notable for the massive use of tanks, a high degree of motorization, and the widespread introduction of new military and technical means. In the course of it, radars and other means of radio electronics, rocket artillery, jet aircraft, projectiles and ballistic missiles were used for the first time, and at the final stage, nuclear weapons. The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources (Additional source: Military Encyclopedia. Military Publishing. Moscow, 2004)

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in the world, references, Adolf Hitler, Europe, Germany

In the world, References, Adolf Hitler, Europe, Germany

World War II, which lasted from September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945 year, was unleashed by fascist Germany, Italy and militaristic Japan. 61 states with a population of 1.7 billion people were drawn into the war, military operations were conducted on the territory of 40 states, as well as in maritime and ocean theaters.

The Second World War arose as a result of the aggravation of social, ideological and national contradictions both within a number of the largest countries of the world and between states and groups of states, the militarization of all spheres of public life. The political and economic contradictions between the two groups of capitalist powers (the victorious and defeated countries in the First World War) reached the limiting intensity. The main reason for the emergence of the Second World War was the course of Germany and its allies towards a violent redivision of the world.

With the advent of Adolf Hitler to power in 1933, Germany became the main reactionary force in international militarism. The fascist program for the conquest of world domination included plans for the return of the former colonies, the defeat of Great Britain, France and posed a threat to the United States. The main obstacle to world domination was the USSR.

Having created a solid military-economic base, Germany, Italy and Japan began to implement their aggressive designs. Italian fascists at 19In 35 they invaded Ethiopia. In March 1936, Germany sent its troops into the Rhine demilitarized zone, in March 1938 — into Austria, liquidating an independent European state. Japan in the early 1930s occupied the territory of Northeast China, creating a springboard for attacking the USSR, Mongolia, and the rest of China. The ruling circles of Great Britain and France betrayed their ally — Czechoslovakia, agreed to the seizure of the Sudetenland by Germany, hoping to open the way to the east for the Nazis. Autumn 19For 38 years, Germany occupied part of Czechoslovakia, and in the spring of 1939, the whole country, seized the Klaipeda region from Lithuania. Italy occupied Albania in April 1939.

© RIA Novosti / Go to the mediabankHitler’s speech at the officers’ meeting

Hitler’s speech at the officers’ meeting

At the same time, Germany denounced the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement, tore up the 1934 German-Polish declaration on the non-use of force, concluded with Italy «Steel Pact» 1939, according to which the parties pledged to provide mutual military assistance in case of war. At the same time, Britain and France abandoned the system of collective security in Europe proposed by the Soviet Union. Under these conditions, the USSR, remaining in political isolation, was forced on August 23, 1939 to conclude a non-aggression pact with Germany.

World War II began on September 1, 1939, when Nazi Germany attacked Poland. On September 3, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany, as they were bound by allied obligations with Poland, which had undergone aggression. The Anglo-French coalition, which included the British dominions and colonies (September 3 — Australia, New Zealand, India; September 6 — the Union of South Africa; September 10 — Canada, etc.), practically did not provide any assistance to Poland. The courageous resistance of the Polish people and troops could not prevent the defeat of the country: its territory was occupied by German troops.

On September 17, 1939, by decision of the Soviet government, the Red Army crossed the border of Poland and entered the territory of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, which were part of Russia until 1917, in order to protect the Belarusian and Ukrainian population in connection with the collapse of the Polish state and not to allow the further advance of the German army to the east. Also important was the reunification of Bessarabia with the USSR and the entry of Northern Bukovina into it, the conclusion of agreements on mutual assistance with the Baltic states. Hitler’s troops stopped 200-350 kilometers west of the line from which they hoped to launch an offensive against the USSR.

© Photo : Public domain The German battleship Schleswig-Holstein opens fire on Polish positions on the Westerplatte peninsula. September 1, 1939

© Photo : Public domain

The German battleship Schleswig-Holstein opens fire on Polish positions on the Westerplatte peninsula. September 1, 1939

The Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940 had a definite influence on the international situation. During this «strange war» the Anglo-French troops were actually inactive, the battles were fought only in the air.

In April — May 1940, Nazi German troops occupied Denmark and Norway, then Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, and then invaded France through their territory, which capitulated on June 22.

In August 1940, massive German air strikes began on the cities of Great Britain. At the same time, the actions of the German naval forces in the Atlantic Ocean intensified.

In August of the same year, the troops of fascist Italy, which entered the war on June 10, 1940 on the side of Germany, captured British Somalia, part of Kenya and Sudan, and in mid-September invaded Egypt from Libya, trying to break through to Suez. Started by the Italians on October 19For 40 years, the Greek army repulsed the offensive from Albania to Greece. In January — May 1941, British troops, with the support of the rebellious population and partisans, expelled the Italians from British Somalia, Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, Italian Somalia, Eritrea. At the beginning of 1941, German troops began to arrive in North Africa, forming the so-called African Corps. Going on the offensive on March 31, the Italo-German troops reached the Libyan-Egyptian border in the second half of April.

Simultaneously with military operations in Europe and Africa, there was a further expansion of Japan’s aggression in China. Japanese troops began the occupation of the southern regions of China, captured the northern part of French Indochina.

In the spring of 1941, the United States sent troops to Greenland and in the summer to Iceland, setting up military bases there.

© RIA Novosti / Go to media bankWorld War II 1939-1945

World War II 1939-1945

, Italy and Japan, concluded on September 27, 1940 and fixing the obligations of the parties to provide mutual political, economic and military assistance.

In April 1941, the Italo-German, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops captured Greece and Yugoslavia, and in May the German troops captured the island of Crete. As a result, all the countries of Western and Central Europe were occupied by Nazi Germany and Italy.

On June 22, 1941, German troops invaded the territory of the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War began. Together with Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Finland, Italy came out against the USSR, and in August Norway joined them.

On July 12, 1941, an agreement was signed between the USSR and Great Britain on joint actions against Germany. On August 2, an agreement was reached with the United States on military-economic cooperation. In order to prevent the danger of creating fascist strongholds in the Middle East, British and Soviet troops entered Iran in August-September 1941.

On December 7, 1941, with the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan launched a war against the United States. On December 8, the United States, Great Britain and other countries of the anti-fascist coalition declared war on Japan. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. At the end of 1941 years — early 1942, Japan captured Malaya, the Philippines, Burma, created the threat of an invasion of Australia.

© AP Photo / File The Pearl Harbor raid. December 7, 1941

© AP Photo / File

Pearl Harbor raid. December 7, 1941

On the Soviet-German front, the Soviet troops exhausted the enemy in heavy fighting and stopped his offensive in all the most important directions. The first major defeat of the Wehrmacht in World War II was the defeat of the Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow on 1941-1942, which meant the failure of Hitler’s plan for a «blitzkrieg».

In 1942, as a result of the summer offensive, the Nazi troops reached the Caucasus and the Volga, but the victories of the Red Army in the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) and the Battle of Kursk (1943) led to the final loss of the German command of the strategic initiative.

Japan in connection with the failure of its armed forces in the Pacific Ocean in 1942 (defeats from the American fleet in the Coral Sea in May and at Midway Island in June), as well as with the disruption of plans for the Nazi offensive in 1942 on the Soviet-German front, was forced to abandon the attack on the USSR and go on defense in the Pacific at the end of 1942.

By May 1943, North Africa was liberated by Anglo-American troops. In July — August 1943, Anglo-American troops landed on the island of Sicily. September 3, 1943 Italy signed the act of surrender. On October 13, Italy declared war on Germany. Nazi troops occupied its territory.

In 1944, Soviet troops liberated almost the entire territory of the USSR. June 6 1944 years Anglo-American troops landed in France, opening a second front in Europe, and launched an offensive in Germany. In September 1944, with the active support of the French Resistance forces, they cleared almost the entire territory of France from the fascist invaders. Soviet troops from the middle of 1944 began the liberation of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe (Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria and other states), which was completed with the participation of the patriotic forces of these countries in the spring of 1945 years old.

In 1944, in the Pacific Ocean, the US-British armed forces captured the Marshall and Mariana Islands.

© AP PhotoJapanese battleship Yamato, which was bombed in Leyte Gulf

© AP Photo

Japanese battleship Yamato, which was bombed in Leyte Gulf

USA, Great Britain, which considered the issues of the post-war structure of the world and the participation of the USSR in the war with Japan.

In April 1945, Northern Italy and regions of Western Germany were liberated by the Allied forces. In early May, with the help of Italian partisans, they completely took over Italy. In the Pacific, the Allies carried out operations to defeat the Japanese fleet, liberated a number of islands occupied by Japan, approached Japan directly and cut off its communications with the countries of Southeast Asia.

In April — May 1945, Soviet troops defeated the last groupings of Nazi troops in the Berlin and Prague operations and met with the Allied troops. The war in Europe is over. At midnight on May 8, on the outskirts of Berlin, Karlshorst, representatives of the German High Command signed an act of unconditional surrender.

On August 6 and 9, 1945, the United States carried out atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for political purposes. Fulfilling its allied duty, the USSR declared war on Japan and on August 9 began hostilities, during which the Japanese Kwantung Army was defeated, the center of aggression in the Far East was liquidated, Northeast China, North Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were liberated. On September 2, 1945, Japan capitulated and the war ended.

© AP Photo Members of the occupying forces from Australia look at the devastated city of Hiroshima, April 3, 1946

© AP Photo

Members of the occupying forces from Australia look at the destroyed city of Hiroshima, April 3, 1946

World War II was the largest military clash in human history. It lasted six years, there were 110 million people in the ranks of the armed forces. Military operations were conducted on the territory of Europe, Asia, Africa, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Over 55 million people died in World War II, of which 27 million died in the Soviet Union. The damage from the direct destruction and destruction of material assets on the territory of the USSR amounted to almost 41% of all countries participating in the war. Poland (about six million people), Yugoslavia (1.7 million people), China (over five million people) and other states suffered great losses. The loss of the United States amounted to 400 thousand people, the UK — 370 thousand people.